Elasticity regulates nanomaterial transport as delivery vehicles: Design, characterization, mechanisms and state of the art

Recent advances in nano/micro systems for improved circulation stability, enhanced tumor targeting, penetration, and intracellular drug delivery: a review

“…The influence of NP properties including size, shape, surface charge, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity on in vivo stability have been well investigated [113,114]. However, the role of NP elasticity in biological responses has recently gained attention due to its key role in circulation time, MPS evasion, renal clearance, and cellular uptake [115]. In general, softer NPs possess a longer circulation time compared with stiffer NPs [116].…”

Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly for drug delivery: A critical appraisal

“…Such requirements serve as a starting point for the design of polymeric NPs: Optimizing the size and shape, as well as mechanical properties such as stiffness, 71 will drastically affect the particle transport in vivo, tissue penetration, cellular uptake, and the clearance route (renal vs. hepatic/splenic macrophages) in case of systemic administration 72–76 . Typically, NPs with a size of about 40 nm to 200 nm with a narrow distribution are targeted.…”

“…Typical challenges that polymeric micelles can help overcome are increasing the water solubility of hydrophobic drugs, such as anticancer agents 67 like taxanes and platinates, reducing the cytotoxicity toward healthy tissue, 68 prolonging the circulation time of therapeutics in the bloodstream, 69 and facilitating cellular uptake via, for example, receptormediated endocytosis. 70 Such requirements serve as a starting point for the design of polymeric NPs: Optimizing the size and shape, as well as mechanical properties such as stiffness, 71 will drastically affect the particle transport in vivo, tissue penetration, cellular uptake, and the clearance route (renal vs. hepatic/splenic macrophages) in case of systemic administration. [72][73][74][75][76] Typically, NPs with a size of about 40 nm to 200 nm with a narrow distribution are targeted.…”

Nanoparticles with transformable physicochemical properties for overcoming biological barriers

“…In recent years, with the improvement of means of characterization, it has been gradually found that the mechanical properties of nanoparticles also play an important role in modulating biological properties. [150][151][152] Previously in this field, most articles reported on the preparation of nanomaterials with different stiffness, and investigating the need for material softness for different biological barriers. It was found that stiff nanoparticles performed better during blood circulation and tumor accumulation, and deformable nanoparticles were better for penetration, cellular internalization and drug release.…”