Elasticity Size Effects in ZnO Nanowires−A Combined Experimental-Computational Approach

Agrawal, Ravi; Peng, Bei; Gdoutos, E. E.; Espinosa, Horacio D.

doi:10.1021/nl801724b

Cited by 390 publications

(440 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Brittle NWs such as Si and ZnO have been found to exhibit strong size effect in Young's modulus. 17,18,41,42 It seems more fundamental to correlate fracture strain with (surface) defects instead of commonly used fracture strength, so as to eliminate the contribution of Young's modulus. 43 This argument is likely also applicable to ductile NWs such as the Ag NWs where yield strain can be correlated with side surface area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

et al. 2012

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This paper reports the first quantitative measurement of a full spectrum of mechanical properties of five-fold twinned silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) including Young's modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. In situ tensile testing of Ag NWs with diameters between 34 and 130 nm was carried out inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Young's modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength all increased as the NW diameter decreased. The maximum yield strength in our tests was found to be 2.64 GPa, which is about 50 times the bulk value and close to the theoretical value of Ag in the <110> orientation. The size effect in the yield strength is attributed to the increase in the Young's modulus. Yield strain scales reasonably well with the NW surface area, which reveals that yielding of Ag NWs is due to dislocation nucleation from surface sources. Pronounced strain hardening was observed for most NWs in our study. The strain hardening, which has not previously been reported for NWs, is mainly attributed to the presence of internal twin boundaries. KEYWORDSfive-fold twin, size effect, Young's modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, strain hardening

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

et al. 2012

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“…All the calculations are carried out using the DL_POLY2.20 package [21]. It is shown that, due to the higher stress state in the surface area of NWs [24][25][26][27], the Young's modulus of NWs varies with their lateral dimensions. This phenomenon can be described by the employed interatomic potential.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing of Fractured GaAs Nanowires

et al. 2011

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Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate a spontaneous self-healing process in fractured GaAs nanowires with a zinc blende structure. The results show that such self-healing can indeed occur via rebonding of Ga and As atoms across the fracture surfaces, but it can be strongly influenced by several factors, including wire size, number of healing cycles, temperature, fracture morphology, oriented attachment and atomic diffusion. For example, it is found that the self-healing capacity is reduced by 46% as the lateral dimension of the wire increases from 2.3 to 9.2 nm, and by 64% after 24 repeated cycles of fracture and healing. Other factors influencing the self-healing behavior are also discussed.

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“…In situ TEM tests provide an ideal tool for studying the actual deformation mechanisms involving the dislocation activities of NWs under tension/compression. In fact, in situ TEM techniques have now become the most widely used method for characterizing a range of NWs, such as Si,101, 102 GaAs103, 104, 105, 106 ZnO,107, 108 VO 2 109. GaN,99, 110, 111 ZnTe,112 Ag,113, 114, 115, 116, 117 Ni118, 119 Cu,120, 121, 122 and metallic glasses 123, 124…”

Section: Mechanical Characterization Of Nwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanical Properties of Nanowires

2017

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Applications of nanowires into future generation nanodevices require a complete understanding of the mechanical properties of the nanowires. A great research effort has been made in the past two decades to understand the deformation physics and mechanical behaviors of nanowires, and to interpret the discrepancies between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions. This review focused on the characterization and understanding of the mechanical properties of nanowires, including elasticity, plasticity, anelasticity and strength. As the results from the previous literature in this area appear inconsistent, a critical evaluation of the characterization techniques and methodologies were presented. In particular, the size effects of nanowires on the mechanical properties and their deformation mechanisms were discussed.

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Elasticity Size Effects in ZnO Nanowires−A Combined Experimental-Computational Approach

Cited by 390 publications

References 27 publications

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

Self-Healing of Fractured GaAs Nanowires

The Mechanical Properties of Nanowires

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