Elderberry: Botany, Horticulture, Potential

Charlebois, Denis; Byers, Patrick L.; Finn, Chad E.; Thomas, Andrew L.

doi:10.1002/9780470543672.ch4

Cited by 65 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Growing in production or in the wild may have the widest range of applications of all small fruits. It may have a multitude of uses, including riverbank stabilization and windbreaks, wildlife food and refuge, crafts, and games; also as a human food source and multipurpose medicinal plant (Charlebois et al 2010). Due to its decorative value (large clusters of white flowers), black elder is often planted in parks or gardens, especially in several cultivars (Aurea, Aureomarginata, Black Beauty, Laciniata) which differ in the colour and shape of the leaves and flowers (Kawecki et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The berries are used to treat colic, constipation, diarrhoea, sore throat, colds and rheumatism. They are known to show anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidative and antibacterial actions (Charlebois et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elder products have become increasingly popular, so for this purpose orchards of elder have been planted in recent years (Waźbińska 2002, Charlebois et al 2010. In a study conducted in Poland, Waźbińska et al (2004) reported yields of berries varying between 1.3 kg/bush for wildharvested and 16.6 kg/bush for cultivated 'Sampo' and 'Samyl'. Black elder is attacked by aphid (Aphis sambuci L.) feeding, which weakens plant growth, reduces flowering and fruiting and decreases the ornamental value of these shrubs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sambucus nigraL. as a reservoir of beneficial insects (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Wojciechowicz-Żytko

Jankowska

2016

Folia Horticulturae

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Black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) commonly occurs throughout the country -it can be found in forests, thickets, parks, balks or in home gardens. It is a valuable reservoir of food for beneficial insects and a place of refuge or wintering. Almost every part of the elderberry plant has some uses: the fruits, flowers, leaves, roots, pith and bark. Its fruits and flowers are used in herbal medicine and in the kitchen. S. nigra is a primary host of Aphis sambuci L. feeding, which weakens plant growth, reduces flowering and fruiting, and decreases the ornamental value of these shrubs. Aphid populations are limited by a group of predatory and parasitic organisms, among which an important role is played by predatory Syrphidae. Observations were conducted in the years 2009 and 2010 in Krakow (south Poland, 19°57'E, 50°03'N). Significantly more numerous A. sambuci colonies were observed in 2009 -in the maximum of their abundance, 960 specimens per shoot were noted. Seven syrphid species were noted in A. sambuci colonies: Episyrphus balteatus (Deg.), Epistrophe eligans (Harr.), Sphaerophoria scripta (L.), Syrphus ribesii (L.), Syrphus vitripennis Meig., Scaeva pyrastri (L.) and Eupeodes corollae (Fabr.). E. balteatus dominated in both years of research. Research on the effectiveness of Syrphidae was performed on four commonly occurring species -the most voracious were Epistrophe eligans (Harr.) larvae, eating up to 676 A. sambuci aphids during their development.Ke y wor d s: effectiveness, elderberry, elder aphid, syrphids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sambucus nigraL. as a reservoir of beneficial insects (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Wojciechowicz-Żytko

Jankowska

2016

Folia Horticulturae

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“…In the beginning, elder berries are oblong, compact and green, and after 6-8 weeks, they gradually enlarge and change colour from red to purple and black. Ripe fruits may range from 5 to 7 mm in diameter, weighing approximately 50-130 mg [165].…”

Section: Elderberry (S Nigra)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Preservatives from Plants

Antolak

Kręgiel

2017

Food Additives

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It has long been shown that phytochemicals protect plants against viruses, bacteria, fungi and herbivores, but only relatively recently we have learnt that they are also critical in protecting humans against diseases. A significant amount of medicinal plants is consumed by humans. As food-related products, they additionally improve human health and general well-being. This chapter deals with plant-derived food preservatives. Particular attention has been paid to the following berry fruits: cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) and açaí (Euterpe oleracea), as well as the following herbs and spices: peppermint (Mentha piperita), basil (Ocimum basilicum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), nettle (Urtica dioica), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark, cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as alternative sources of natural antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents with potential use in food industry. Moreover, we present an overview of the most recent information on the positive effect of bioactive compounds of these plants on human health. This chapter is a collection of essential and valuable information for food producers willing to use plant-derived bioactive substances for ensuring the microbiological safety of products.

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“…Elderberry plants are native to Europe, North Africa and West Asia. Elderberry is a shrub cultivated in such countries as Denmark, the Czech Republic, Germany, Romania, the USA (Charlebois et al, 2010;Christensen et al, 2008). In Poland, Danish cultivars of black elderberry are distinguished by higher yields and superior morphological traits of fruit compared to wild forms (Waźbińska and Puczel, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenolic content, antiradical activity, stability and microbiological quality of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts

Pliszka

2017

Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment

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Background. The pharmaceutical and food industries expect detailed knowledge on the physicochemical properties of elderberry fruit extracts, their stability and microbiological quality, as well as the polyphenol content in elderberry cultivars. The characteristics of the extracts might be additionally modified by citric acid, which improves the stability of anthocyanins and protects processed fruits and syrups from pathogenic microorganisms. The choice of the method with citric acid was a consequence of the physicochemical characteristics of elderberry pigments, which are not stable under the effect of light in alcoholic solutions. The aim of study was to analyze the properties of elderberry fruit extracts regarding polyphenol content and antiradical activity, as well as their stability and microbiological quality. Material and methods. The plant material consisted of fruit from four cultivars (Alleso, Korsor, Sampo, Samyl) of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The following were determined in fruit extracts: polyphenolic content (HPLC), antiradical activity (ABTS and DPPH) and stability and microbiological quality. Results.The HPLC analysis of polyphenols demonstrated that the extracts from fruits collected from cv. Samyl had the highest 3-sambubioside cyanidin content and those from cv. Korsor contained the highest quantity of 3-glucoside cyanidin. The extracts from cv. Sampo fruit had a dominant 3-sambubioside-5-glucoside cyanidin and 3,5-diglucoside cyanidin content. The highest quercetin (5.92 mg 100 mg -1 of extract) and caffeic acid (1.21 mg 100 mg -1 of extract) content was found in fruit extracts from cv. Alleso. The cultivars Samyl and Korsor had a higher level of anthocyanins and higher antiradical activity (ABTS) in fruit extracts than cv. Alleso and Sampo. The antiradical activity (DPPH) of fruit extracts from elderberry cultivars assessed in this research was similar. The degradation index for all fruit extracts was similar (DI = 1.035). The microbiological species detected in extracts were classified as moulds (Penicillum sp., Aspergillus sp.) and yeasts (Rhodotorula sp., Torulopsis sp., Trichosporon sp., Saccharomyces sp.). Conclusions. The research findings may support the selection of certain cultivars for industrial applications. The high stability of anthocyanins and low level of microbiological impurities in elderberry extracts ensure the high quality of such a raw material in food and pharmaceutical processing.

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Elderberry: Botany, Horticulture, Potential

Cited by 65 publications

References 174 publications

Sambucus nigraL. as a reservoir of beneficial insects (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Sambucus nigraL. as a reservoir of beneficial insects (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Food Preservatives from Plants

Polyphenolic content, antiradical activity, stability and microbiological quality of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts

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