Elderly households in Serbia since the beginning of the 21st century: A (socio)demographic perspective

Abstract

Population aging is one of the dominant social processes that intensified at the beginning of the 21st century. Its omnipresence and implications, particularly in the economic and social spheres of society, justify the notion of creating a concept of a "aging society". Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the current level of the aging process by analyzing demographic indicators, primarily based on census data. The study analyzes census data on the structure of households composed of older individuals, whether they are single-person or multi-person households, in order to identify socially vulnerable categories that require organized and systemic support from society. Special attention is given to the economic activity of older adults living alone in households, to address the issue of securing basic means of living and material deprivation among the elderly. From the perspective of active aging and securing additional income, there is a significant need for some form of engagement for the elderly. The study also addresses issues of active aging, measured by a relevant active aging index, as well as questions of longevity and years spent in health, quantitatively described by indicators of life expectancy and healthy life years. The multiple implications of aging necessitate an adequate state approach in crafting population and social policies. In searching for solutions to the increasing problem of demographic aging, there is a shift in perspective towards active aging and a new understanding of the process of demographic aging through a prospective approach to old age. The study provides an overview of state responses through the Strategy for Active and Healthy Aging in Serbia, as well as examples of aging strategies at the local level.