Elecrode vapour effects in high current gas blast switchgear arcs

Airey, D R; Kinsinger, R. E.; Richards, P H; Swift, J. D.

doi:10.1109/t-pas.1976.32072

Cited by 39 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There has been much interest in the transport properties of a mixture of metal vapour and gas (King and Howes 1962, JayaRam 1974, Airey et al 1976. In most gas-blast circuit-breakers, in which copper is one of the most common electrode materials, the arcing medium is often contaminated by the electrode material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transport and thermodynamic properties of a copper-nitrogen mixture

Shayler¹,

Fang²

1977

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The transport and thermodynamic properties of a copper-nitrogen (Cu-N) mixture are calculated for temperatures between 2000 and 28000K and pressures between 1 and 10 atmospheres. The results show that, compared with the electrical conductivity for pure nitrogen, a small concentration of copper vapour can greatly enhance the electrical conductivity at temperatures below about 8000K. The internal energy and enthalpy per unit mass are reduced by 1/2 and 2/3 when X is increased from 0 to 1, where X is the ratio of the total number density for all copper species to that for all nitrogen species. Changes in the electron thermal conductivity increase the total thermal conductivity by about (1+X) when X<0.1, for temperatures between 9000 and 12000K.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transport and thermodynamic properties of a copper-nitrogen mixture

Shayler¹,

Fang²

1977

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…5 shows metal-vapour-rich core formation at high current together with a graph showing the change in arc characteristic as the primary current amplitude is increased. 13 In this case, the high-conductivity, copperrich core, although persisting to a lower level on the falling current wave than its initiation value, did disappear before current zero and did not impair the interruption performance. However, higher current levels would have extended the duration of the core and there could be some possibility of increasing the residual conductivity at current zero.…”

Section: Peak Curren T Effec Tsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Development testing techniques for airblast and SF6 switchgear

Gardner

Unwin

1980

IEE Proc. C Gener. Transm. Distrib. UK

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Ways are examined in which switchgear synthetic testing techniques may be adapted to obtain more detailed understanding of circuit-interrupter performance. The use of statistical techniques to extend application of test data is discussed and the problems encountered in practical application are considered. A" technique for obtaining estimates of both mean level and variation of arc-time constant is described and its possible application to the provision of an estimate of the low probability failure level is discussed.

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“…The transient behaviour mostly coincides with that of the 10% Cu vapour contamination case. These items of information will serve to aid the numerical approach for analysing the arc behaviour around the current-zero region with combined contamination, whereupon the transport properties become important input data in determining the final results [19,44,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a lot of papers so far regarding material properties of SF 6 gas: Frost et al [18] reported on pure SF 6 gas, the experimental paper [19] reported the significant contamination with electrode (Cu) vapour with SF 6 gas as the arc-quenching medium and the negative effect of the vapour upon the interruption performance of a gas circuit breaker. The theoretical paper [20] concerned transport properties and [21] (this one is very recent and our results will be compared with it) concerned both transport and thermodynamic properties of SF 6 gas with mild (up to 10%) Cu vapour contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic behaviour of wall-stabilized arcs contaminated by Cu and PTFE vapours

Paul¹,

Sakuta²,

Takashima³

et al. 1997

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The transport and thermodynamic properties of gas under contaminated conditions with Cu and PTFE vapours have been determined taking into account the new introduction of molecular particles, produced by chemical interactions between gas and impurities like CuF, , and , making in total 25 species. The main concern of this work is to predict, from the obtained material properties data, the transient behaviour of gas wall-stabilized arcs with these types of contamination that inevitably happen in gas circuit breakers during arc interruption. The results indicate that the electron density and the electrical conductivity increase with Cu vapour contamination, especially below 9000 K, due to the lower ionization potential of Cu atoms, but are almost invariant with PTFE contamination. The thermal conductivity changes only at higher admixture ratios above around 10% for both impurities. Typical increases in due to molecular dissociation have been found at temperatures around 4000 K for Cu vapour and at 3000 - 8000 K for PTFE vapour contamination. The transient behaviours of contaminated gas arcs have been analysed for step-current modulation in the wall-stabilized arcs under the condition of no gas flow. The greater value of arc conductance with Cu vapour contamination broadens the arc current channel, exposing possible disturbance of the current interruption function in gas circuit breakers. PTFE vapour contamination does not affect the arc decay process in wall-stabilized arcs significantly.

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Elecrode vapour effects in high current gas blast switchgear arcs

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

The transport and thermodynamic properties of a copper-nitrogen mixture

The transport and thermodynamic properties of a copper-nitrogen mixture

Development testing techniques for airblast and SF6 switchgear

The dynamic behaviour of wall-stabilized arcs contaminated by Cu and PTFE vapours

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