Electret effect in intercalated crystals of the A^{III}B^{VI} group

Abstract

Measurements of dielectric properties of Ni-intercalated GaSe and InSe have been performed. The present study is aimed at the investigation of the low-admixture region where the intercalation induced electret effect occurs. The effect exhibits pronounced peak-like concentration dependences and a non-monotonous temperature behaviour with maximum magnitudes at low temperatures. Intercalation leads to over tenfold increase of dielectric permittivity over the whole measured frequency range with up to several orders at low frequencies for GaSe. Temperature dependences of the permittivity demonstrate well-defined peaks with localizations and heights strongly depending on the concentration. A microscopic model of order-disorder type has been proposed that considers redistribution of intercalant atoms between non-polar octahedral and polar tetrahedral positions in the crystal van der Waals gaps. Such a redistribution can occur in the form of phase transition to the polar phase (corresponding to the electret effect) which is stabilized by the internal field. For the case of octahedral positions being more preferable, the model predicts a peak-like dependence of the crystal polarization on chemical potential due to passing through the interjacent polar phase in accordance with the measured behaviour of the electret effect. The calculated temperature dependences of dielectric susceptibility qualitatively reproduce experimental results for permittivity as well.

Phase separation in lithium intercalated anatase: A theory

“…Such multistate models (see, e.g. [41,42]) are rather rare since monopositional intercalated materials are the most common. Deformational effects have been also taken into account because an effective potential for the Li ions was affected by the intercalation-induced distortion of the host [43].…”