Electric Field Control of Nonvolatile Four-State Magnetization at Room Temperature

Chun, Sae Hwan; Chai, Yisheng; Jeon, Byung Gu; Kim, Hyung Joon; Oh, Yoon Seok; Kim, Ingyu; Kim, Hanbit; Jeon, Byeong Jo; Haam, S. Y.; Park, Ju Young; Lee, Suk Ho; Chung, Jaiho; Park, Jae Hoon; Kim, Kee Hoon

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.177201

Cited by 164 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…From the viewpoint of applications, this E-induced reversal of the ferromagnetic M is the most important effect, yet the hitherto developed multiferroics still suffer from difficulties due to the weakness of the spin-induced P and/or to the leaky loss current under high voltage. Nevertheless, some hexaferrite compounds with above-room-temperature conical spin states show promise towards room-temperature operation 43,44 .…”

Section: Reproduced From Ref 39 Iop (A-c); and Ref 42 Macmillan Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent functions of quantum materials

2017

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Materials can harbour quantum many-body systems, most typically in the form of strongly correlated electrons in solids, that lead to novel and remarkable functions thanks to emergence-collective behaviours that arise from strong interactions among the elements. These include the Mott transition, high-temperature superconductivity, topological superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, giant magnetoelectric e ect, and topological insulators. These phenomena will probably be crucial for developing the next-generation quantum technologies that will meet the urgent technological demands for achieving a sustainable and safe society. Dissipationless electronics using topological currents and quantum spins, energy harvesting such as photovoltaics and thermoelectrics, and secure quantum computing and communication are the three major fields of applications working towards this goal. Here, we review the basic principles and the current status of the emergent phenomena and functions in materials from the viewpoint of strong correlation and topology.E mergence is a concept developed for many-body systems, indicating the properties, phenomena, and functions that never appear in the individual elements but are realized only when a huge number of elements get together 1 . Inside materials, emergent phenomena are often seen due to the interaction of electronic states; with recent developments on electronic states in solids schematically summarized in Fig. 1a. Electrons in solids have several degrees of freedom: charge, spin and orbital, and are characterized by the topological nature determined by the atomic potential on the crystal lattice structure, as schematically shown in Fig. 1b. These five attributes are coupled together and determine the overall responses to stimuli, which appear as materials' electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties.These collective electrons demonstrate various macroscopic quantum phenomena, the representative example of which is superconductivity. One of the big challenges in condensed matter physics is to increase the temperature (T c ) at which superconductivity can be observed to above room temperature. However, there are many other macroscopic quantum phenomena that are already observable above room temperature. One is magnetism (by the Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem), and the other is ferroelectricity 2,3 . Remarkably, there are common features of these three macroscopic quantum phenomena: the order parameter, which is of quantum origin, behaves as a classical quantity, and the quantum topology plays a crucial role.The topological nature of the electronic states is the key concept in the most recent developments in understanding quantum materials. The quantum Hall effect, topological insulators, and topological superconductors are all characterized by nontrivial topologies in Hilbert space. The Berry phase, which describes the connection and curvature of the subspace of Hilbert space, plays the central role in the unified principle to describe this topological nature 4 . ...

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Section: Reproduced From Ref 39 Iop (A-c); and Ref 42 Macmillan Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent functions of quantum materials

2017

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“…It is only recently that several multiferroic compounds have demonstrated appreciable modulation of M with enhanced ME coupling coefficients [8][9][10] .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the converse ME effect, strong M modulation by E and four non-volatile M states were first observed at room temperature in a single crystal of Co 2 Z-type hexaferrite, in which the maximum direct ME coupling constants were B3,200 and B150 ps m À 1 at finite ( ¼ 10.5 mT) and zero H-bias, respectively 10 . The modulation of M by E was indeed observed without H-bias at room temperature, but the ME effect was dominantly quadratic, so the reversal of M could not be achieved.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrical control of large magnetization reversal in a helimagnet

et al. 2014

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Reversal of magnetization M by an electrical field E has been a long-sought phenomenon in materials science because of its potential for applications such as memory devices. However, the phenomenon has rarely been achieved and remains a considerable challenge. Here we report the large M reversal by E in a multiferroic Ba 0.5 Sr 1.5 Zn 2 (Fe 0.92 Al 0.08 ) 12 O 22 crystal without any external magnetic field. Upon sweeping E through the range of ±2 MVm À 1 , M varied quasi-linearly in the range of ±2 m B per f.u., resulting in the M reversal. Strong electrical modulation of M at zero magnetic field were observable up to B150 K. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements provided microscopic evidence that the electric field and the magnetic field play equivalent roles in modulating the volume of magnetic domains. Our results suggest that the soft ferrimagnetism and the associated transverse conical state are key ingredients to achieve the large magnetization reversal at fairly high temperatures.

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“…Inevitably, the magnetic ordering temperature is low in the frustrated spin systems. A large number of efforts have been devoted to realize hightemperature multiferroic and/or magnetoelectric (ME) materials [12][13][14][15] , aiming to apply multiferroics to practical devices such as low-power-consumption memory devices. Although some of them exhibit significant ME effects at room temperature [13][14][15] , the electric polarization is absent or negligibly small at zero magnetic field and, hence, external magnetic fields are required to control the dielectric state.…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic control of transverse electric polarization in BiFeO3

et al. 2015

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Numerous attempts have been made to realize crossed coupling between ferroelectricity and magnetism in multiferroic materials at room temperature. BiFeO 3 is the most extensively studied multiferroic material that shows multiferroicity at temperatures significantly above room temperature. Here we present high-field experiments on high-quality mono-domain BiFeO 3 crystals reveal substantial electric polarization orthogonal to the widely recognized one along the trigonal c axis. This novel polarization appears to couple with the domains of the cycloidal spin order and, hence, can be controlled using magnetic fields. The transverse polarization shows the non-volatile memory effect at least up to 300 K.

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Electric Field Control of Nonvolatile Four-State Magnetization at Room Temperature

Cited by 164 publications

References 27 publications

Emergent functions of quantum materials

Emergent functions of quantum materials

Electrical control of large magnetization reversal in a helimagnet

Magnetic control of transverse electric polarization in BiFeO3

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