Electric-field-directed growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

Zhang, Yuegang; Chang, Aileen Y.; Cao, Jiefeng; Wang, Qian; Kim, Woong; Li, Yiming; Morris, Nathan A.; Yenilmez, Erhan; Kong, Jing; Dai, Hongjie

doi:10.1063/1.1415412

Cited by 589 publications

(413 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The generation technique of SWNTs has since been developed by demands for specimens with sufficient amount and quality. Followed by the landmark establishment of the synthesis method in macroscopic amounts by laser-furnace [3] and arc-discharge [4] methods, several techniques employing the CVD approach [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] have been proposed for improved efficiency or productivity in the bulk synthesis of SWNTs. At present, CVD approaches, including the high-pressure CO (HiPco) technique [6,7], have become dominant for the mass production of SWNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold wall CVD generation of single-walled carbon nanotubes and in situ Raman scattering measurements of the growth stage

Chiashi

Murakami

Miyauchi

et al. 2004

Chemical Physics Letters

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Catalytic CVD generation of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) without use of an electric furnace or a hot-filament is demonstrated. High-purity SWNTs were generated from alcohol used as a carbon source with Fe/Co particles supported on zeolite by Joule-heating of a silicon base plate. This technique was applied for an in situ measurement of Raman scattering during the growth stage in a vacuum chamber equipped with an SPM/Raman detector. The surface temperature was measured by a systematic shift in the silicon signal and kept at 850 °C. The G-band intensity of the SWNT Raman spectrum increased nearly linearly with time in the growth stage after an initial rapid increase. IntroductionThe discovery of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) [1] has invoked numerous research interests because of their unique physical properties [2] and hence remarkable potential as a new material for various applications. The generation technique of SWNTs has since been developed by demands for specimens with sufficient amount and quality. Followed by the landmark establishment of the synthesis method in macroscopic amounts by laser-furnace [3] and arc-discharge [4] methods, several techniques employing the CVD approach [5-13] have been proposed for improved efficiency or productivity in the bulk synthesis of SWNTs. At present, CVD approaches, including the high-pressure CO (HiPco) technique [6,7], have become dominant for the mass production of SWNTs.As a new approach for higher-purity and lower-temperature generation, we have proposed the use of alcohol, particularly ethanol and methanol, for the carbon feedstock [14,15]. The proposed alcohol catalytic CVD (ACCVD) method can produce high-quality SWNTs when combined with appropriate catalysts and experimental procedures. Furthermore, it was recently demonstrated that high-quality SWNTs could be synthesized on a mesoporous-silica coated substrate [16] or directly on a solid substrate such as silicon or quartz [17,18]. Detailed comparisons of HiPco and ACCVD products are found in our recent papers [19,20], and the generation mechanism is discussed based on molecular

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold wall CVD generation of single-walled carbon nanotubes and in situ Raman scattering measurements of the growth stage

Chiashi

Murakami

Miyauchi

et al. 2004

Chemical Physics Letters

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“…In what follows, we shall consider aggregates or bundles of aligned SWCNTs [33], grown by chemical vapour deposition in an electric field [34], or aligned in a polymer matrix. When a circularly polarized (in the x-y plane) laser pulse propagates along the z-axis of an AL or AR SWCNT (figure 2(a)), only one of the two allowed transitions for a linearly polarized light (along x or y), between the quasi-angular momentum subband states µ → µ − 1 and µ → µ + 1, can be excited [35] (figure 2(b)).…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear coherent magneto-optical response of a single chiral carbon nanotube

Slavcheva

Roussignol

2010

New J. Phys.

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View the article online for updates and enhancements. Abstract. We propose a theoretical framework and dynamical model for the description of the natural optical activity and Faraday rotation in an individual chiral single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) in the highly nonlinear coherent regime. The model is based on a discrete-level representation of the optically active states near the band edge. Chirality is modelled by a system Hamiltonian in a four-level basis corresponding to energy-level configurations, specific for each handedness, that are mirror reflections of each other. The axial magnetic field is introduced through the Aharonov-Bohm and Zeeman energylevel shifts. The time evolution of the quantum system, describing a single nanotube with defined chirality, under an ultrashort polarized pulse excitation is studied using the coupled coherent vector Maxwell-pseudospin equations (Slavcheva 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 115347). We provide an estimate for the effective dielectric constant and the optical dipole matrix element for transitions excited by circularly polarized light in a single nanotube and calculate the magnitude of the circular dichroism and the specific rotatory power in the absence and in the presence of an axial magnetic field. Giant natural gyrotropy (polarization rotatory power ∼3000 • mm −1 (B = 0 T)), superior to that of the crystal birefringent materials, liquid crystals and comparable or exceeding that of the artificially made helical photonic structures, is numerically demonstrated for the specific case of a (5, 4) nanotube. A quantitative estimate of the coherent nonlinear magneto-chiral optical effect in an axial magnetic field is given 3 Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. . The model provides a framework for the investigation of the chirality and magnetic field dependence of the ultrafast nonlinear optical response of a single CNT.

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“…For the horizontal direction growth, its success has been reported by many groups by using an electric field [43][44][45], a fast gas flow [46,47], and atomic steps of substrates [25,26,48,49,50,51] with other carbon sources. Furthermore, the ACCVD method has not been used for only random or VA-SWNTs, but also for horizontally-aligned SWNTs [52].…”

Section: Evaporation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonance R aman Spectroscopy

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Electric-field-directed growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 589 publications

References 14 publications

Cold wall CVD generation of single-walled carbon nanotubes and in situ Raman scattering measurements of the growth stage

Cold wall CVD generation of single-walled carbon nanotubes and in situ Raman scattering measurements of the growth stage

Nonlinear coherent magneto-optical response of a single chiral carbon nanotube

Resonance R aman Spectroscopy

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