Electric-field-driven interfacial trapping of drifting triboelectric charges via contact electrification

Abstract

In this paper, we report a new facile strategy to maximize the charge density for a high-output triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). It was realized by designing a new cationic material structure...

Self-Powering Gas Sensing System Enabled by Double-Layer Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Poly(2-vinylpyridine)@BaTiO3 Core–Shell Hybrids with Superior Dispersibility and Uniformity

“…Another enticing result in the course of our work is that the replacement of the Al electrode with the MoS 2 /SiO 2 /Ni-mesh layer in the PI- b -C 60 /P2VP 10 @BaTiO 3 double-layer TENG resulted in further improved transferred charge density of up to 1228 μC m –2 (∼4.4-fold increase) with open-circuit voltage (990 V) and short-circuit current density (283.8 mA m –2 ) at a cycled compressive force of ∼30 N and a frequency of 3 Hz (Figures a,b and S22). This charge density value, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest reported for TENG so far under practical working conditions without additional ion injection and circuitry (Figure c and Table S1), which will speed up practical TENGs as a power source. − …”

“…Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising energy harvesters that have attracted great attention in recent decades owing to their advantages, such as high output voltage, simple fabrication, low cost, and autonomy in material selection. − However, increasing the practicability of TENGs relies on further enhancements in their performance, notably in parameters such as output performance and sustainability. − Generally, the output performance of TENGs is heavily dependent on the triboelectric charge generation and charge separation processes. − Several strategies have been developed to improve charge generation and separation, such as triboelectric material development, device structure optimization, ionized air injection, and micro/nanoscale surface modification. − From the viewpoint of the materials, the dielectric properties and the work functions of the two materials in contact are vital points. ,− However, polymers, the most widely used negative triboelectric materials, possess intrinsically low dielectric constants, limiting the output performances of TENGs. − To overcome this long-standing issue, extensive research has been conducted to enhance the output performance of TENG devices by developing composites that physically integrate inorganic particles with a high dielectric constant into a polymer matrix. − However, the high surface energy of inorganic particles causes their aggregation and phase separation from the polymer matrix, inevitably leading to a high dielectric loss and low breakdown strength. , Although core–shell hybrids chemically incorporating polymer shells into the surface of inorganic cores have recently emerged as a promising alternative, they still suffer from insufficient dispersibility and film uniformity, unfortunately remaining limited in solving the challenge of the aforementioned deteriorated electrical properties in energy harvesting and storage applications, including TENGs. …”

Highly efficient microbial inactivation enabled by tunneling charges injected through two-dimensional electronics

“…The proposed method can also be adapted to curved surfaces when flexible insulators (polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene difluoride) serve as substrates for graphene monolayer transfer (43,44). Furthermore, graphene monolayers can be transferred to SiO 2 microspheres, which can further cover flexible substrates or textiles and promising for tunneling charge retention (28). Other common 2D materials, such as boron nitride (BN) nanosheets, molybdenum di sulfide (MoS 2 ) nanosheets, and MXenes, are also suitable for charge tunneling when deposited on insulators (45)(46)(47).…”

“…Electron tunneling allows charges to be injected through a twodimensional (2D) material and stably stored on an insulator [e.g., silicon dioxide (SiO 2 )] beneath the 2D material for several days without significant dissipation (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Electron tunneling can be achieved through a contact-based charge injection process in which a bias voltage is applied at the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) that scans a graphene monolayer-covered insulator (26).…”

Triboelectric nanogenerators enhanced by a metal–organic framework for sustainable power generation and air mouse technology

“…The surface charge decay occurs due to external (physical and environmental conditions) and internal (ohmic conduction, charge drift and recombination) phenomena. 17 A composite film with improved dielectric properties and charge trapping sites causes an enhancement in the output performance. The interface between the polymer and filler, trapping sites of the filler can create the potential to hold the charge.…”