In order to understand the atomistic origin of the inverse
piezoelectric effect, the changes of integrated intensities of
selected Bragg reflection of α-SiO2 and
α-GaPO4 were studied, which were induced by an
external high electric field of up to E = ±8
kV/mm.
Because the model of the field-induced displacement of ionic
sublattices against each other fails for the interpretation of
experimental data, we propose a model of the inverse
piezoelectric effect, which considers the strong covalent bond
between Si and
O atoms in α-SiO2. Here the main effect of
screening the external electric field is a change in the
Si-O-Si bonding angles, i.e. the
rotations of rigid SiO4 tetrahedra. The same model holds
for α-GaPO4, which is an isostructural compound to
α-SiO2. For the first time a similar experiment
was performed at low temperatures. Between 50 K ⩽ T⩽300 K the piezoelectric coefficient d111 of both
substances behaves nearly temperature independent. On the other
hand, the field-induced change of the intensities increases for
decreasing temperature. This can be interpreted by the rotation
of tetrahedra, which is partially originated by the temperature
decrease and by the external electric field, respectively,
accompanied by a field-induced deformation of tetrahedra.