Electric field processing to control the structure of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite proton conducting membranes

Perfluorosulfonate ionomer membranes with improved through-plane proton conductivity fabricated under magnetic field

“…They attributed this enhancement to the aligning of the Nafion s domains across the membrane by the field. A similar result was gained when using poly (vinylidene fluoride) composite in another article from them [16]. Gopinadhan et al [18] have created well-aligned arrays of amorphous poly(ethylene oxide) microdomains in a liquid crystalline block copolymer in magnetic field.…”

“…In recent years, many researchers began to focus their attention on the orientation of proton conducting membranes in the through-plane direction. Two methods, including fabricating membranes under electric and magnetic field, were applied [15][16][17]. Yates and their coworkers [15] have fabricated Nafion s / polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-b-polystyrene composite membranes under electric field.…”

The effect of electrical poling conditions on the microstructure and performance of PVC/nano‐ZnO ion exchange membranes

“…In order to polarize noncentrosymmetric polymer membranes such as polyvinilydene floride (PVDF), electric field has documented for structure modification and impart the piezoelectric properties . Several attempts have reported that a treatment in sufficiently high electric field can change the electrical properties, microstructure, fouling mechanism, and filtration properties of PVDF microfiltration membranes …”

“…[11][12][13][14][15] Several attempts have reported that a treatment in sufficiently high electric field can change the electrical properties, microstructure, fouling mechanism, and filtration properties of PVDF microfiltration membranes. 6,16,17 However, there is no research in the literature on the use of electrical field to improve the properties of IEM. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of electrical field conditions on the properties of the IEMs.…”

Field assisted self‐assembly for preferential through thickness (“z‐direction”) alignment of particles and phases by electric, magnetic, and thermal fields using a novel roll‐to‐roll processing line

“…In the past decade, a great deal of research has been devoted to field assisted assembly using electric , magnetic , and thermal gradients for drastically improving the directional properties of polymer blends, block copolymers, liquid crystals, and polymer nanocomposites. Though field assisted assembly of nanostructured phases/particles have been extensively demonstrated in small scale for a range of applications including flexible electronics , membranes , supercapacitors , fuel cells , photovoltaics , etc., a large scale manufacturing platform was not developed for commercial viability of these concepts. In the past, preferred orientation and organization of phases/nanoparticles commonly were controlled through self‐assembly , patterned substrates , and other techniques .…”