Electric fuses operation, a review: 1. Pre-arcing period

Bussière, William

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/29/1/012001

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Here the explosion consists of the ejection of material mediated by the release of high energy densities transformed rapidly into heat and kinetic energy. The explosion resulting from the plasma expansion and metal vaporization that are generated during electric arc ignition in an electric fuse are phenomena that are not yet fully understood [45]. Fuses employ a ceramic case which is opaque to visible light, so hard X-ray imaging is necessary to visualize the melting and vaporization of the metal fuse strip during electric arc ignition.…”

Section: Explosion By Plasma Expansion During Electric Arc Ignition Imentioning

confidence: 99%

MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation

et al. 2017

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Third generation synchrotron light sources offer high photon flux, partial spatial coherence, and ~10−10 s pulse widths. These enable hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) with single-bunch temporal resolutions. In this work, we exploited the MHz repetition rates of synchrotron X-ray pulses combined with indirect X-ray detection to demonstrate the potential of XPCI with millions of frames per second multiple-frame recording. This allows for the visualization of aperiodic or stochastic transient processes which are impossible to be realized using single-shot or stroboscopic XPCI. We present observations of various phenomena, such as crack tip propagation in glass, shock wave propagation in water and explosion during electric arc ignition, which evolve in the order of km/s (µm/ns). ray study of dense-liquid-jet flow dynamics using structure-tracking velocimetry," Nat.

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Section: Explosion By Plasma Expansion During Electric Arc Ignition Imentioning

confidence: 99%

MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation

et al. 2017

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“…We remark that the Debye length is higher than the distance between particles for two cases, namely at atmospheric pressure and at ten times the atmospheric pressure at thermal equilibrium but not for the case out of thermal equilibrium θ=2 with the Debye length Eqs. (5) and (6). Nevertheless, taking the coefficients 3 √ 4π the condition (3) is satisfied.…”

Section: Theoretical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), we have calculated in Fig. 4 the electrical conductivity with the classical method used in the case of gas, namely Chapman-Enskog at the third order approximation [20−22] , and with the described method with electron mobility (17) with the three Debye lengths (4), (5) and (6). At thermal equilibrium, the results are quite similar within 2‰ and the main difference can be found between the third approximation of Chapman-Enskog and from value found from the mean free path of electrons within 15%.…”

Section: Theoretical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of Electrical Conductivity of a Silver Plasma at Low Temperature

André

Bussière

Coulbois

et al. 2016

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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During the working of electrical fuses, inside the fuse element the silver ribbon first begins to melt, to vaporize and then a fuse arc appears between the two separated parts of the element. Second, the electrodes are struck and the burn-back phenomenon takes place. Usually, the silver ribbon is enclosed inside a cavity filled with silica sand. During the vaporization of the fuse element, one can consider that the volume is fixed so that the pressure increase appears to reach pressures higher than atmospheric pressure. Thus, in this paper two pressures, 1 atm and 10 atm, are considered. The electrical field inside the plasma can reach high values since the distance between the cathode surface and the anode surface varies with time. That is to say from zero cm to one cm order. So we consider various electrical fields: 10 2 V/m, 10 3 V/m, 5×10 3 V/m, 10 4 V/m at atmospheric pressure and 10 5 V/m at a pressure of 10 atm. This study is made in heavy species temperature range from 2,400 K to 10,000 K. To study the plasma created inside the electric fuse, we first need to determine some characteristics in order to justify some hypotheses. That is to say: are the classical approximations of the thermal plasmas physics justified? In other words: plasma frequency, the ideality of the plasma, the Debye-Hückel approximation and the drift velocity versus thermal velocity. These characteristics and assumptions are discussed and commented on in this paper. Then, an evaluation of non-thermal equilibrium versus considered electrical fields is given. Finally, considering the high mobility of electrons, we evaluate the electrical conductivities.

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“…[3]. Electric fuses operation is widely studied from the point of view theoretical, experimental and modelling aspects [4,5]. Fuses for power semiconductors are used in different domain area, starting from the distribution network to special applications, such as: automotive [6], adjustable speed drive [7], photovoltaic systems [8], power substations [9] or microgrids [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of busbars connection on fuselink temperature at fast fuses

Pleşca

2019

FACTA U EE

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The paper, based on three-dimensional thermal modelling and simulation finite element method software package, presents a comparison between the thermal behaviour of a fast fuse without busbar terminals and the one with these busbars mounted on it. The maximum fuselink temperature is lower in the second case when the thermal model had taken into consideration the busbar connections, actually, the real situation. Also, a thermal analysis for different type of load variations has been done in both cases of the fast fuse geometry with and without busbar terminals.

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Electric fuses operation, a review: 1. Pre-arcing period

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation

MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation

Modelling of Electrical Conductivity of a Silver Plasma at Low Temperature

The influence of busbars connection on fuselink temperature at fast fuses

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