Electric properties of Mn doped 0.95Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.05BaTiO3 crystal after different annealing processes

A Two-Step Annealing Method to Enhance the Pyroelectric Properties of Mn:PIMNT Chips for Infrared Detectors

“…Such change in the unit cell corresponds to the shift of the 2θ angle diffraction peaks based on the Bragg equation, which can be seen more clearly from the expanded (100) diffraction peak in Figure 1b, which may be attributed to variation in the defects in the Mn:PIMNT crystals. It is known that due to the low oxygen partial pressure at high temperatures (> 1000 °C), there is generally a certain concentration of oxygen vacancies in the growth of oxide crystals, including Mn:PIMNT crystals [30][31][32]. After annealing in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, the oxygen vacancies in Mn:PIMNT crystals can be decreased, inducing the recovery of the distorting lattice, i.e., the augment of the unit cell of the Mn:PIMNT crystals.…”

“…X-ray diffractometry (XRD, Rigaku D/max-2500/PC X-ray Diffractometer, Rigaku Corp., Tokyo, Japan) was used to investigate the crystal structure of the as-grown and annealed Mn:PIMNT crystals using crystal powder [35][36][37]. After sputtering the electrodes, the electrical properties of the Mn:PIMNT crystals with dimensions of 4 mm × 4 mm were measured and calculated [29][30][31]. Parts of the Mn:PIMNT crystals after 600 • C annealing with no other treatment were then thinned and polished to 20 µm by silicon carbide powder (diameter of 3.5-7 µm) and acidic silica sol (diameter of 50 nm).…”

“…The annealing process exerts great influence on the microstructure and electrical properties of materials [30][31][32]. Whether single crystals, ceramics or thin films, the annealing process has been shown to improve performance [30][31][32].…”

“…The annealing process exerts great influence on the microstructure and electrical properties of materials [30][31][32]. Whether single crystals, ceramics or thin films, the annealing process has been shown to improve performance [30][31][32]. By studying the effect of different annealing atmospheres on pyroelectric properties, L. Li showed that oxygen annealing displays the best effect on improving the pyroelectric properties of PIMNT single crystals [33].…”

Properties of Na 0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and Na0.5Bi0.5 TiO3-based single crystals

“…It was shown that the Mn substitution in the NBT crystal results in both hardening and softening effects due * Perovskites and other Framework Structure Crystalline Materials * p 217 to the existence of mixed valence states of Mn ions [123] . Also, Mn-doping of NBT-BT single crystals could enhance piezoelectric (d33=483pC/N, kt=55.6%) and ferroelectric (Pr=45.3μC/cm 2 , Ec=2.91kV/cm) properties significantly, and can increase structural thermal stability (depolarization temperature Td) [113,117,124] . Yao et al [125] reported the following effects with Mn substitution to NBT-BT single crystals: (1) an increase of ferroelectric ordering and in-plane octahedral tilting, (2) formation of structural modulation across domain boundaries, which help relax between domains, and (3) an increase in the number of in-phase oxygen tilted regions with a tendency of alignment along (110).…”