Electric Shock Hazards Beyond 50/60 HZ and DC

Gordon, L.B.; Liechty, Jesse; Bradley, J.; Merrill, Lee; Gauss, Henry

doi:10.1109/esw49146.2022.9925020

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This peripheral nerve conduction inhibitory action is presumed to be the leading cause of TINI, reducing pain with more comfortable electrical stimulation. Lastly, less stimulation of the cutaneous nerve in TINI, due to low skin impedance by high frequency 19 , might reduce pain more comfortably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the mechanism of interferential current therapy, this technique can alleviate the limitation of penetrating distance when electrical currents are delivered into the body through surface electrodes. In practice, the higher the available frequency, the less the effect of skin impedance 19 . That is since TINI uses a high carrier frequency, it is less affected by skin resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kilohertz-frequency interferential current induces hypoalgesic effects more comfortably than TENS

Park

Kim

2023

Preprint

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This study aims to demonstrate the hypoalgesic effect of the tibial nerve using transcutaneous interferential-current nerve inhibition (TINI), which injects the kilohertz frequency produced by the interferential currents. Thirty-one healthy adults participated in this cross-over repeated measures study. The hypoalgesic effects of TINI were compared with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). The washout period was 24 hours or more. Stimulus intensity was set at the pain threshold level. TINI and TENS were applied for 20 minutes each. The ankle passive dorsiflexion range of motion, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and tactile threshold were measured at the baseline, pretest, test (immediately before ceasing intervention), and posttest (30 min after ceasing intervention) sessions. After the interventions, the participants evaluated the level of discomfort for TINI and TENS on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). As a result, PPT significantly increased compared to baseline in test and posttest sessions of TINI, but not in those of TENS. Also, participants reported that TENS was 36% more discomfort than TINI. In conclusion, we found that TINI inhibited mechanical pain sensitivity and that the inhibitory effect persisted long after electrical stimulation ceased. Our study also shows that TINI provides the hypoalgesic effect more comfortably than TENS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kilohertz-frequency interferential current induces hypoalgesic effects more comfortably than TENS

Park

Kim

2023

Preprint

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Kilohertz-frequency interferential current induces hypoalgesic effects more comfortably than TENS

Park

Kim

2023

Sci Rep

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Recent research on transcutaneous electrical stimulation has shown that inhibiting nerve conduction with a kilohertz frequency is both effective and safe. This study primarily aims to demonstrate the hypoalgesic effect on the tibial nerve using transcutaneous interferential-current nerve inhibition (TINI), which injects the kilohertz frequency produced by the interferential currents. Additionally, the secondary objective was to compare the analgesic effect and comfort of TINI and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Thirty-one healthy adults participated in this cross-over repeated measures study. The washout period was set to 24 h or more. Stimulus intensity was set just below the pain threshold level. TINI and TENS were applied for 20 min each. The ankle passive dorsiflexion range of motion, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and tactile threshold were measured at the baseline, pre-test, test (immediately before ceasing intervention), and post-test (30 min after ceasing intervention) sessions. After the interventions, the participants evaluated the level of discomfort for TINI and TENS on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). As the results, PPT significantly increased compared to baseline in test and posttest sessions of TINI, but not in those of TENS. Also, participants reported that TENS was 36% more discomfort than TINI. The hypoalgesic effect was not significantly different between TINI and TENS. In conclusion, we found that TINI inhibited mechanical pain sensitivity and that the inhibitory effect persisted long after electrical stimulation ceased. Our study also shows that TINI provides the hypoalgesic effect more comfortably than TENS.

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Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Process Improvements for Battery Energy Storage Systems

Parker Lohrenz

2024

2024 IEEE Electrical Energy Storage Application and Technologies Conference (EESAT)

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Electric Shock Hazards Beyond 50/60 HZ and DC

Cited by 3 publications

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Kilohertz-frequency interferential current induces hypoalgesic effects more comfortably than TENS

Kilohertz-frequency interferential current induces hypoalgesic effects more comfortably than TENS

Kilohertz-frequency interferential current induces hypoalgesic effects more comfortably than TENS

Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Process Improvements for Battery Energy Storage Systems

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