“…Other than single-objective, researchers that try to develop GVRP concepts also use multi-objective. The example of this multi-objective are minimizing fuel consumption and optimizing customer satisfaction [63], minimizing fuel consumption and carbon emission [64,65,66], minimizing total cost and carbon emission [67,68,69,70,71], minimizing total travel distance and carbon emission [72,74,78,80] or fuel consumption [73,79,81], minimizing total travel distance and energy consumed [75,76,82], minimizing cost and air pollution [87], and improving energy efficiency and customer satisfaction [77].…”