Electric vehicles: A review of network modelling and future research needs

Abstract

Electric vehicles are believed to be an effective solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite extensive study on the attributes and characteristics of electric vehicles and their charging infrastructure design, the development and network modelling of electric vehicles are still evolving and limited. This article provides a comprehensive review of electric vehicle studies and identifies existing research gaps in the aspects of theories, modelling approaches, solution algorithms and applications. This article first describes the electric vehicles' concepts, market share, characteristics and charging infrastructures. Then, the studies on traffic assignment problem with electric vehicles in the network and limited charging facilities are particularly discussed. We conclude that it is of great importance to take into account electric vehicles' special characteristics (e.g. range limit) in predicting their routing behaviour and charging infrastructure design networks.

A review of spatial localization methodologies for the electric vehicle charging infrastructure

“…Most of the 119 papers are based on studies conducted within the last few years. Three papers are review papers (Islam, 2015;Jing et al, 2016;Shareef et al, 2016). More than half of the reviewed literature was published in 2015 and 2016, the rest between the years 2010 and 2014.…”

“…Half of the literature reviewed in this paper was published within the years 2015 to 2016. Previous review work considered a broader, more general view on the placement and technique design of CS (Jing, Yan, Kim, & Sarvi, 2016) or only focused on heuristic approaches, as can be found in Islam (2015) or Shareef et al (2016). For an optimal placement and sizing of CS, they distinguish between studies with consideration of economic benefits and power grid impacts and on whether the possibility to install slow or fast CS is included or not.…”

Location Design of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities: A Path-Distance Constrained Stochastic User Equilibrium Approach

“…Zheng et al [40] presented a bilevel model to locate charging facility and minimize all users cost in the upper level and to find path-constrained equilibrium BEV flows in the lower level. Jing et al [41] provided a comprehensive review for the equilibrium network modeling. However, the driving distance limit, to the best of our knowledge, has not been considered in stochastic network equilibrium models, especially in the mixed flow transport network.…”

Analysis of the Reduction of Pollutant Emissions by the Vehicle Fleet of the City of Reggio Calabria Due to the Introduction of Ecological Vehicles

“…A complete approach to the assessment of the sector environmental impact should anyway consider both the carbon footprint of the whole life-cycle connected with the manufacturing of the less polluting vehicles to be introduced in the car fleet in substitution of the most polluting ones that are removed [27] and the sustainable disposal of the latter, that is both beyond the scope of the present study. Further important aspect to be considered in a comprehensive analysis of the process carbon footprint concerns the source and the efficiency of the power generation of additional electricity that needs to be generated to charge electric vehicles and that, in order to reduce pollution, should exploit the maximum available rate from renewable energy sources, together with the associated problems connected with its distribution (use of smart grids) [28].…”