Electric vehicles and key adaptation challenges and prospects in Pakistan: A comprehensive review

Asghar, Rafiq; Rehman, Faisal; Ullah, Zahid; Qamar, Affaq; Ullah, Kaleem; Iqbal, Kashif; Aman, Ali; Nawaz, Agha Ali

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123375

Cited by 60 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the Pakistani context, a study has confirmed the positive effects of FC on behavioral intentions to adopt public cloud technology [51]. As the EV infrastructure, including charging stations and EV repair shops, is not widely available in Pakistan [21], it will be interesting to explore the FC effects on individuals' intentions to adopt EVs in the future. In line with the aforementioned studies, we proposed the following hypothesis.…”

Section: Facilitating Conditions (Fc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the facilitating conditions, the majority of the respondents did not agree with the sufficient availability of EV infrastructure and government organizations' support for EV usage. This is understandable as the EVs are in their early stage in Pakistan, and the EV infrastructure is not widely available [21,24]. Regarding behavioral intentions to purchase EVs, a huge number of respondents (more than 60%) showed their willingness to purchase EVs in the future.…”

Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the general consensus, the sample size for the partial least square path modeling approach of SEM should be larger than ten to fifteen times the number of variables in multi-factor analysis [50,57]. Considering the aforementioned studies and the number of variables involved in the analysis (21), the sample size of 359 was considered sufficient. Descriptive details of respondents are presented in Table 2.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The country has been facing 310,000 deaths annually due to air pollution, indicating the extremely severe environmental conditions for public living [20]. Increasing air pollution issues and its connection with road transportation brought government attention to EVs as an environmentally friendly solution [21]. Recent media reports indicated the Pakistani Government's interest in e-mobility and converting 90% of the vehicle fleet into electric-powered vehicles by 2040 [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Intentions to Purchase Electric Vehicles in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to lead the transition in road transportation from traditional petroleum mobility to electric mobility. Despite many environmental benefits, the market penetration rate of EVs is still low in most developing countries. Recently, Pakistan formulated its first EV policy for 2020–2025 to accelerate EV adoption. This study aims to explore the factors, including environmental concerns, perceived ease of use, effort expectancy, social influence, and perceived facilitating conditions, affecting individuals’ behavioral intentions to purchase EVs in Pakistan. The hypotheses were developed based on the literature, and an online questionnaire survey was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, to collect the relevant data. The partial least square path modeling approach of structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. The results confirmed that the environmental concerns, perceived ease of use, and effort expectancy positively affect the public’s intentions to use EVs in the future. However, social influence and facilitating conditions did not significantly contribute to EV adoption in the present study. The findings suggest that the EV manufacturers aiming to accelerate EV adoption should develop marketing strategies to disseminate information regarding the environmental benefits of EVs and enhance clarity about EVs’ performance and usage.

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Section: Facilitating Conditions (Fc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Intentions to Purchase Electric Vehicles in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, the most important feature of transportation electrification is the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) concept that store the surplus energy and ensure the provision of surplus energy to SG during high load demand. The storage capability of V2G enhances the utilization of renewable energy sources within EDs [ 5 , 6 ]. The nonlinear and stochastic data within SG demands for advanced machine learning methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-Directional Mutual Energy Trade between Smart Grid and Energy Districts Using Renewable Energy Credits

Rehman

Khan

Arif

et al. 2021

Sensors

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A central authority, in a conventional centralized energy trading market, superintends energy and financial transactions. The central authority manages and controls transparent energy trading between producer and consumer, imposes a penalty in case of contract violation, and disburses numerous rewards. However, the management and control through the third party pose a significant threat to the security and privacy of consumers’/producers’ (participants) profiles. The energy transactions between participants involving central authority utilize users’ time, money, and impose a computational burden over the central controlling authority. The Blockchain-based decentralized energy transaction concept, bypassing the central authority, is proposed in Smart Grid (SG) by researchers. Blockchain technology braces the concept of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy transactions. This work encompasses the SolarCoin-based digital currency blockchain model for SG incorporating RE. Energy transactions from Prosumer (P) to Prosumer, Energy District to Energy District, and Energy District to SG are thoroughly investigated and analyzed in this work. A robust demand-side optimized model is proposed using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to maximize Prosumer Energy Surplus (PES), Grid revenue (GR), percentage energy transactions accomplished, and decreased Prosumer Energy Cost (PEC). Real-time averaged energy data of Australia are employed, and a piece-wise energy price mechanism is implemented in this work. The graphical analysis and tabular statistics manifest the efficacy of the proposed model.

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