Electrical and behavioral effects of different types of shock stimuli on the rat.

Severity of amnesia and the effectiveness of reactivation treatment: Evidence for a retrieval process

“…The flooring in both compartments consisted of 20-cm grids spaced 1.0 cm apart. A I-sec 150-V shock from a matched impedance ac shock source (Campbell & Teghtsoonian, 1958) could be delivered through a Foringer Model SC-901 scrambler to the grid floors of the black compartment. A 15-W light bulb suspended 30 cm above the white compartment was the only light in the experimental room.…”

Lever holding and avoidance in the rat, with constant current and constant voltage UCS

“…A quantitative method of evaluating the subjective intensity of two shocks, such as t hat employed by Campbell & Teghtsoonian (1958) was not available, and may not have been appropriate. Those investigators considered two shocks to be of equivalent intensity when they were an equal number of decibels above threshold.…”

“…A CV source is characterized by a low output voltage and has a small resistance in series with the S. A CC source is characterized by a high output voltage and has a large resistance in series with the animal. Campbell & Teghtsoonian (1958) demonstrated that Ss shocked with a CV UCS were more active than those shocked with a CC UCS at an equivalent intensity. In the present experiment, during escape trials, when the CS and the UCS are presented together, responses elicited by the UCS would be classically conditioned to the CS.…”

Counterconditioning of memory in rats

“…The subjects' behavior was monitored via a tilted mirror placed under the center of the apparatus. A scrambled shock from a highimpedance shock source (Campbell & Teghtsoonian, 1958) could be delivered to the black compartment of the apparatus. White noise masked extraneous sounds during training and test sessions.…”