In the last years a growing interest in the study of layered perovskites which acquire a wide variety of interesting and useful physical properties such as colossal magnetoresistance, superconductivity, ferroelectricity is quite visible. From those properties, the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) offers an interesting alternative technology for refrigeration. On other hand, their possible use in spintronic devices has also attracted much attention.In this work, the effect of the creation of vacancies in oxygen sites on the structure of Ca2MnO4‐δ Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) compounds, prepared by sol‐gel method, was studied mainly through their structural, morphologic and dielectric properties. The cationic stoichiometry of the samples was studied using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX). EDAX spectra showed a nominal composition close to the desired one. The structural study, by X‐ray diffraction analysis, confirmed the single‐phase composition of all the samples. The dielectric studies, the temperature range between 80 K and 360 K, showed dielectric relaxation phenomena, which were related to the Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)