“…Most importantly, they transmit over a wide range of wavelengths, from 0.5 μm to 6 μm, are not photosensitive and offer the thermal and mechanical stability of oxide glasses [1][2][3][4]. In addition, they possess high linear and nonlinear refractive indices, low cut-off phonon energies around 750 cm − 1 , high rare-earth solubility and a high Raman gain coefficient [5,6], all of which are important for applications, and in particular for the development of mid-IR fiber laser sources.…”