Electrical and optical low frequency noises in multimodal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Abstract

Experimental investigations of the low frequency noise of multimode 780 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are reported. Electrical noise, optical noise and their correlation have been measured in the frequency range 1 Hz–95 kHz. The results show that the main contribution to the electrical noise is located in the distributed Bragg reflector layers of the laser. The optical power and pump current noise sources are strongly correlated below and around the threshold, while are weakly correlated above threshold. It is argued that the noise in the optical power is due to both free injection carrier noise and optical gain fluctuations. (© 2006 by Astro, Ltd. Published exclusively by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)

Coherence functions of the electrical and the optical noises in monomodal packaged vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

“…To the noise source present in the variable X is associated the Langevin term F X (t) in the Eqs. (1), which models a white noise term…”

“…Pout,V presented in [1], where are shown the values of the coherence function between the optical and the voltage noise of the bias resistor for commercial packaged VCSEL's (monomodal near the threshold), measured in the frequency range 30 − 95 kHz, where both the optical and electrical noise are white. In the calculations of…”

“…The aim is two-fold. First, it is our interest to establish whether and to which extent the experimental results [1] fit into the existing theoretical models; second by an appropriate implementation of the existing models, we pursue the aim of working out a theoretical and calculational framework to which refer for determining the coherence functions of other kinds of noises not investigated in [1].…”

“…online color at www.lphys.org) Coherence function γ 2 F M,AM (f ) versus the frequency f for at different values of the laser current FM noise spectrum S f L at f = 100 Hz as a function of the emitted power P out calculated with (dashed line) and without (continuous line) temperature fluctuations the data ofFig. 6we use R B = 10 KΩ, which is the same value used in the experimental set-up of[1].…”

Wavelength switching based on quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

“…Besides, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have attracted sub stantial attention in recent years because they provide various advantages in optical communication systems, such as low power consumption, high speed modula tion, high beam quality, low manufacturing cost, and low threshold current [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Recently, substantial progress by our group has been made in the develop ment of 1.3 μm QD VCSEL [30][31][32][33][34].…”