Electrical and Optical Properties of Vitreous Selenium

Lanyon, H. P. D.

doi:10.1103/physrev.130.134

Cited by 165 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Оптичні спектри вирощених у вигляді тонких плівок AgInSe 2 та AgInTe 2 вивчались у роботі [9], де показано що кристали є прямозонними і ширина забороненої зони становить 1,21 та 1,16еВ відповідно.…”

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Electric and photoelectric properties of solid solutions Ag2In2Si(Ge)Se6

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Khvyshchu

Parasyuk

et al. 2016

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Temperature depen-dences of specific dark conductivity and spectral distributions ofphotoconductivity have been studied. It has been established thatthe Ag2In2SiSe6and Ag2In2GeSe6single crystals are high-resistancesemiconductors withp-type conductivity. The interpretation of experimental results conducted under the Mott model for disordered systems. Thus, from the experimental results follows that the solid solution AgInSe2 - Si(Ge)Se2 when the temperature drops from 300 to 200 K, the conductivity in the area carried thermo excited permitted carriers impurity activation energy of ~ 0.59eV and 0.48eV for Ag2In2SiSe6 and Ag2In2GeSe6 respectively.

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Electric and photoelectric properties of solid solutions Ag2In2Si(Ge)Se6

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Khvyshchu

Parasyuk

et al. 2016

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“…The first experimental realization of the quantum Toffoli gate was presented in an ion-trap quantum computer, in 2009 at the University of Innsbruck, Austria [20]. Then, the Toffoli gate was realized in linear optics [21] and superconducting circuits [22,31,32].Due to its significance in quantum computing, the theoretical pursuit of efficient implementation of the Toffoli gate using a sequence of single-and two-qubit gates has a quite long history [7,8,11,12,[33][34][35][36][37]. It was explicitly stated as an open problem by Nielsen and Chuang in their influential textbook on quantum computation [14]: How many general two-qubit gates (or CNOT gates) are required to implement the Toffoli gate (see [14], p. 213, Problem 4.4)?…”

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“…Indeed, a study of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating a multiqubit gate is not only of theoretical importance, but also an experimental requirement: to accomplish a quantum algorithm, even at a small size, one has to implement a relatively high level of control over the multiqubit quantum system. A lot of experiments demonstrate multiqubit controlled-NOT gates in ion traps [20], linear optics [21], superconductors [22], and atoms [23].…”

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Five two-qubit gates are necessary for implementing the Toffoli gate

Duan

Ying

2013

Phys. Rev. A

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In this Rapid Communication, we consider the open problem of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating the Toffoli gate and show that five two-qubit gates are necessary. Before our work, it was known that five two-qubit gates are sufficient to implement the Toffoli gate, and numerical evidence indicates that five two-qubit gates are also necessary. The idea introduced here can also be used to solve the problem of optimal simulation of Deutsch three-qubit gates. Since quantum computation provides the possibility of solving certain problems much faster than any classical computer using the best currently known algorithms [1][2][3][4][5], a huge amount of effort has been devoted to building functional and scalable quantum computers over the last two decades. The quantum circuit model is one popular model of quantum computer hardware [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In order to be a general purpose computational device, a quantum computer must implement a small set of quantum logical gates [14], which are universal, that is, can serve as the basic building blocks of quantum circuits, in the same way as do classical logical gates for conventional digital circuits. It is quite natural to choose certain gates operating on a small number of qubits as the basic gates.Theoretically, any two-qubit gate that can create entanglement, like the controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate, together with all single-qubit gates, is universal [18]. It has also been experimentally demonstrated that two-qubit gates can be realized with high fidelity using the current technology, for example, two-qubit gates with superconducting qubits have been presented with fidelities higher than 90% [19]. Finding more efficient ways to implement quantum gates may allow small-scale quantum computing tasks to be demonstrated on a shorter time scale. More precisely, it would be quite helpful for defeating quantum decoherence to realize multiqubit gates with the least number of possible basic gates. Thus an important problem is how to implement multiqubit gates using only two-qubit gates. Indeed, a study of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating a multiqubit gate is not only of theoretical importance, but also an experimental requirement: to accomplish a quantum algorithm, even at a small size, one has to implement a relatively high level of control over the multiqubit quantum system. A lot of experiments demonstrate multiqubit controlled-NOT gates in ion traps [20] Making controlled unitaries is an essential task for many algorithms in quantum computing [1]. Among all quantum controlled gates, those highly controlled unitaries (i.e., unitaries controlled on more than one other qubit) are useful in numerous quantum algorithms including the oracle in the * nengkunyu@gmail.com binary welded tree algorithm [5] and quantum simulation [24]. The Toffoli gate is perhaps one of the most important highly controlled unitaries for three reasons: (1) The Toffoli gate is universal for classical reversible computation in the sense that all con...

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“…This then requires that V"'10 1'5 seo-I • Suoh a high oapture rate requires unreasonably large values of aotive oapture oross seotion for the proposed neutral liquid traps. This is beoause the dipole moment required to quarantee looalisation of an eleotron is aurpriaingly large [21).The chanoe of a single moleoule exhi-bi ting suoh a moment as a result of transient thermal distortion destroying the cancellation of group moments or of several molecules simultaneously aquiring the required moment to produce the same overall effect is very smalle Thus the trap density must be low hence b would need to be very large. Finally it ia also interesting to note that the distanoe to oapture is equal to or leas than the momentum mean free path valuea quoted for yo • It seems from the above reasoning one must oonolude thatV«10 13 seo-l , with the result that any quasi-free electron mobility for n-hexane must be much lower than the calculated figure of approximately 1.5 x 10-Z m 2 .Vl -sec-I [1,3].…”

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confidence: 99%