“…Many types of functional ceramic films, such as tin oxides, zinc oxides, titanium oxides, lead zirconium titanate, and barium strontium titanate, have been prepared by spray pyrolysis. [10][11][12][13] However, in these previous studies, metal chlorides or nitrates were generally used as metal sources and solvents. Hence, the fabricated film essentially contained a significant amount of halide and nitrate contaminations, which probably degraded their properties.…”