Electrical characterization of aluminum (Al) thin films measured by using four- point probe method

Panta, Gobinda Prasad; Subedi, Deepak Prasad

doi:10.3126/kuset.v8i2.7322

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With this experimental method a pure crystalline sample shows a high value of RRR, whereas a sample with a high concentration of defect and/or impurities gives low values of RRR. The ratio ρ 300 /ρ 4.2 can be substitute with R 300 /R 4.2 when the volume of the sample measured is little affected by the temperature, where ρ and 4 3,29 ± 0,72 118,13 ± 18,60 S 7 2,25 ± 0,78 92,08 ± 18,03 S 11 1,80 ± 0,80 68,83 ± 19,80 S 12 2,30 ± 0,75 96,42 ± 17,69 S 18 2,48 ± 0,70 101,71 ± 16,88 S 19 2,30 ± 0,70 93,55 ± 16,28 S 20 2,43 ± 0,55 99,78 ± 16,84 S 21 2,10 ± 0,58 91,02 ± 15,89…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Thick Film of Copper Electrodeposited for Cryogenic Applications

Fava

Lucci

Faso³

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report on the characterization of electroformed copper. Different copper films have been deposited, on a brass rod, paying attention to modify only one parameter of the galvanic bath for each specimen (acidity, temperature, density of current, etc.). The samples obtained have been analyzed by residual resistivity ratio (RRR) to evaluated the electrical conductivity, with the nanoindenter to measure the hardness and the reduced modulus and with the X-ray diffraction to calculate the average dimensions of the grains. The comparative analysis of all the data gives us the set of parameters required to obtain a good electrical conductor, working at cryogenic temperatures and mechanically resistant.Copper was one of the first metals historically used and its success is due to its unique properties: 1 i. toughness; ii. ductility; iii. resistance to many corrosive environments; iv. high electrical conductivity and v. high thermal conductivity. The use of copper is widespread not only as pure metal, but also entering in alloys with various others metals, preserving good mechanical characteristics down to low temperatures. From the environmental point of view, copper is the less dangerous metal if compared to other metals used in the deposition processes. 1 Also the recycling treatments are well known and this helps to find the most suitable solutions for managing the handling of galvanic products and disposal of residuals linked to the electroplating activities. Compared to other metals, copper is one of the most used in the deposition processes. 2 Copper is an excellent substrate, when is mechanically polished, and its electrical conductivity, being second only to silver, makes it an excellent and inexpensive coating for printed circuit boards. 2 Furthermore it is suitable for covering surface defects like holes or splinters and it is used as an excellent buffer layer between the substrates and the subsequent deposits. The large use of Cu in electrical industry is mainly due to the possibility to deposit this material with different techniques. Among them, the electro-deposition method assures fast and low-cost depositions combined with a great repeatability. In addition to the huge number of applications, its good electrical properties -which improve at low temperature -make it one of the most used material in the electrical wire industry; in particular cases it can be coupled with brass (characterized by a lower thermal conductivity) and used in specific applications such as electrical connectors for high current superconducting devices. A thick film of copper on a brass support is often used for obtaining special current leads, with selected balancing at cryogenic temperatures between electrical resistance and total thermal conductivity between room temperature and cryogenic bath. 1,2,3 In this way it is possible to supply the required high currents, also minimizing the heat absorbed by the external environment and by the instrumentation from the cryogenic line. The use of brass, as internal support of a copper con...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Thick Film of Copper Electrodeposited for Cryogenic Applications

Fava

Lucci

Faso³

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…An electrical resistance of the pellets was measured at room temperature using the four-point probe technique. The conductivity σ of the pallet is given by [21]-…”

Section: Electrical Conductivity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization and Study of H2S Gas Sensing Properties of CdO Doped in Nanocrystalline Pollyaniline

2016

IJSR

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Polyaniline PANI and CdO/ PANI nano composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization technique and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG SEM), which confirms the presence of CdO in PANI matrix. The synthesized materials were further used for sensing various gases like LPG, NH 3 , CO 2 and H 2 S gas. The change in resistant of the material with time was recorded after the response of H 2 S gas. The increase in electrical resistance is due to transfer of charge from sensing material to analyse gas and absorption of gas into the polymer matrix. The sensitivity was found maximum for H 2 S. The 50 wt% CdO/PANI nano composite showed maximum sensitivity (300%) for 400ppm of H 2 S gas

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“…The electrical resistivity of paste prepared with different carbon blacks was measured by four probe method [10]. Different carbon blacks along with other traditional additives were mixed with lead oxide.…”

Section: Nam Electrical Resistivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Properties of Carbon Materials on Performance of VRLA Batteries

Nethaji¹,

Srinivas²,

Murthy³

et al. 2015

JEPE

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Abstract:In the present study, the relationship between properties of different carbon materials and their impact on performance of VRLA (valve regulated lead acid) battery was studied. The material properties undertaken for the study are: surface area, conductivity and water absorption of the carbon. The electrode morphology revealed the uniform distribution of active material when high surface area carbon was added to NAM (negative active material). The porosity of the plate also exhibited changes with respect to type of carbon materials added. The study further revealed that, the addition of high surface area carbon (~1,400 m 2 /g) improves the charge acceptance of the battery with higher loading. Further improvement in charge acceptance was observed with addition of graphite to higher surface area carbon. Nevertheless, the float current of the battery got affected due to graphite loading and found there was no impact on shelf life of the battery in all the cases. The study demonstrates the need for customized "carbon formulation" to obtain the maximum performance out of the battery.

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Electrical characterization of aluminum (Al) thin films measured by using four- point probe method

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Characterization of Thick Film of Copper Electrodeposited for Cryogenic Applications

Characterization of Thick Film of Copper Electrodeposited for Cryogenic Applications

Synthesis, Characterization and Study of H2S Gas Sensing Properties of CdO Doped in Nanocrystalline Pollyaniline

Effect of Properties of Carbon Materials on Performance of VRLA Batteries

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