Electrical conduction hysteresis in carbon black–filled butyl rubber compounds

Abstract

Temperature and concentration dependence of electrical resistance of butyl rubber filled with GPF carbon black was carried out. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics at room-temperature were also investigated. The I–V characteristics show that the behavior is linear at small voltages up to approximately 0.15 V and currents up to 0.05 mA indicating that the conduction mechanism was probably due to electron tunneling from the end of conductive path to the other one under the action of the applied electric field. At higher voltages, a nonlinear behavior was noticed. The nonlinearity was attributed to the joule heating effects. Electrical resistance of the butyl/GPF composites was measured as a function of temperature during heating and cooling cycles from 300 K and upward to a specific temperature. When the specimens were heated up, the resistance was observed to increase continuously with the rise of temperature. However, when the samples were cooled down, the resistance was observed to decrease following a different path. The presence of conduction hysteresis behavior in the resistance–temperature curves during the heating and cooling cycles was then verified. The electrical conduction of the composite system is supposed to follow an activation conduction mechanism. Activation energy was calculated at different filler concentrations for both the heating and cooling processes.

Effect of Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Sintering of Lead-Free KNL-NTS Ceramics

“…However, at 950 °C the patterns show a distortion along the whole spectrum corresponding to an amorphous phase. This amorphous phase could be due to the relatively low sintering temperature and may correspond to the formation of a solution-precipitation stage leading to the liquid phase [ 37 ]. As the sintering temperature increases, the amorphous phase disappears, which could indicate that the coalescence stage has ended.…”

“…For microwave sintered samples, the ferroelectric measurements show conduction phenomena, because the saturation polarization is higher than the remanent polarization [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. This means that the sample behaves as a conductor and loses its ferroelectric capacity.…”

Green preparation of carbon fiber/liquid silicone rubber composites for flexible electrode

“…Vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators and antioxidants were added to the carbon-based rubber elastomer during the vulcanization process, and those additions would cause certain harm to the human body and the environment. Furthermore, carbon-based rubber was incompatible with the human body and was not accepted by the concept of green development [12][13][14][15]. Therefore, the application of carbon-based rubber was limited.…”

Modelagem e simulação da produção de negro de fumo em reatores FSP

“…Mais de 90% do negro de fumo que é produzido hoje é empregado em aplicações relacionadas à borracha, principalmente como agente reforçante (SEBOK; TAYLOR, 2001). Partículas de negro de fumo são adicionadas à matriz da borracha com o intuito de aprimorar a maioria das características mecânicas, como por exemplo, conferir maior resistência à tração, rasgo e abrasão, além de absorver o estresse aplicado a um componente de borracha (ALZAMIL et al, 2018).…”

“…sendo D o parâmetro de escala do modelo, o qual representa 38,6% do peso das maiores gotículas e 𝑛 RRSB o expoente do modelo. Os dados utilizados para descrever esta distribuição foram obtidos por Jüngst (2016), empregando-se 5 mL/(min) de p-xileno e 40 L/(min) de ar de revestimento (chama 3), e estão ilustrados na Tabela 25.…”