Electrical conductivities of pure organic liquids

Abstract

This contribution presents a method of evaluating electrical conductivities of pure organic liquids. Emphasis is placed on the methodology of selection, correlation and analysis of experimental data. The proposed method brings order out of conflicting, confusing and chaotic experimental observations. It is also shown that the consistent and evaluated data are generated at a fraction of the cost and time required for producing the original raw experimental data. Applications and PrecautionsReliable electrical conductivity K or conductance and resistivity ci or resistance data (electrical conductivity is often used as the reciprocal of electrical resistivity, The dielectric constants of similar organic liquids do not vary significantly from one another and therefore the magnitude of the electrical resistivity of the liquid determines the dissipation time of the electrostatic charge C,.

Charging Organic Liquids by Static Charge

“…However, this method is not effective for charging organic liquids, especially nonpolar liquids, because it requires a sufficient amount of electrical conductivity of the liquid for charging . Conductivities of organic liquids range from low to completely insulating for nonpolar organic liquids (e.g., ∼10 –17 S/m for hexane and 7 × 10 –16 S/m for cyclohexane) . Hence, many organic liquids cannot be charged adequately by a high electric potential for practical applications (e.g., electrospray requires solvents with sufficiently high dielectric constants). , Substantial amounts of conductive additives (e.g., salts that are soluble in nonpolar liquids and ionic liquids) are thus routinely added to increase their conductivity (i.e., typically by several orders of magnitude) so that they can be charged effectively by a high electric potential (i.e., via transferring the charge generated at the solid–liquid interface of the high-potential electrode into the bulk volume of the liquid). − However, additives change the chemical composition and properties of the liquids; thus, this method is not suitable for many types of applications (e.g., organic reactions may be influenced by additives).…”

“…21 Conductivities of organic liquids range from low to completely insulating for nonpolar organic liquids (e.g., ∼10 −17 S/m for hexane and 7 × 10 −16 S/m for cyclohexane). 23 Hence, many organic liquids cannot be charged adequately by a high electric potential for practical applications (e.g., electrospray requires solvents with sufficiently high dielectric constants). 24,25 Substantial amounts of conductive additives (e.g., salts that are soluble in nonpolar liquids and ionic liquids) are thus routinely added to increase their conductivity (i.e., typically by several orders of magnitude) so that they can be charged effectively by a high electric potential (i.e., via transferring the charge generated at the solid−liquid interface of the high-potential electrode into the bulk volume of the liquid).…”

Quasi‐phase resolved partial discharge pattern analysis of surface discharges arising on the tar polluted porcelain bushing of an electrostatic precipitator unit under high voltage DC

“…The information available on the electrical properties of tar addresses mostly on the bulk and relative conductivity of individual and collective compounds in dry and liquid state. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The tar compounds with 'methyl, hydroxy or vinyl' group such as 'toluene, phenol, styrene or 1-methylnaphthalene' manifest dipole moments ranging from 0.13 D to 2.2 D. 30 At the same time, the 'pure' aromatic hydrocarbons without functional groups present in tar such as 'benzene', 'naphthalene', 'anthracene', 'phenanthrene', 'pyrene' and so forth, are individually unipolar and non-conductive. 30,32,36 It is proven that aromatic hydrocarbon compounds must be considered as non-conductive in their pure form and that the presence of any impurity leads into an increase of their conductivity in consequence of the raising amount of free charge carriers like electrons and/or ions.…”

“…In this context, there are only a few literatures that reports the electrical properties of tar. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Recently, there is an increasing interest in understanding the typical behavior of tar under AC voltage over a wide frequency. 2,3,[10][11][12]17,18 During this, the dielectric behavior of multiple tar species under dry and wet conditions are studied over a wide frequency.…”