Electrical conductivity and counterion association of cationic polyacrylamide derivatives in aqueous solution

Abstract

Equivalent electrical conductivity (Λ) is reported for three series of cationic quaternary ammonium polyacrylamide derivatives with $\hbox{MeSO}_{4}ˆ{‐}$, Cl−, Br− and I− as counterions at 25 °C, the polyion equivalent concentration C ranging from 5.3 × 10−4 to 6.4 × 10−3 N and from 1.0 × 10−3 to 1.4 × 10−2 N. Equivalent electrical conductivity increases with decreasing polyion equivalent concentration, and the sequence of equivalent electrical conductivity Λ of polyelectrolytes for the same series with different counterions in the range of concentration investigated is: $\hbox{MeSO}_{4}ˆ{‐} > \hbox{Cl}ˆ{‐} > \hbox{Br}ˆ{‐} > \hbox{I}ˆ{‐}$. The plots of the counterion–polyion interaction parameter f and degree of dissociation α of polyelectrolyte versus the polyion equivalent concentration C show that the order of counterion associating or binding to polyions for the same polyelectrolyte series in the range of concentration studied is $\hbox{MeSO}_{4}ˆ{‐} < \hbox{Cl}ˆ{‐} < \hbox{Br}ˆ{‐} < \hbox{I}ˆ{‐}$. The chemical structures of the polyion have much influence on the Λ, f and α values of the polyelectrolytes. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry

Water‐soluble acrylamide copolymers. IX. Preparation and characterization of the cationic derivatives of poly(acrylamide‐co‐n,n‐dimethylacrylamide), poly(acrylamide‐co‐methacrylamide), and poly(acrylamide‐co‐n‐t‐butylacrylamide)

“…It is possible to prepare the cationic derivatives of PAMs via Hofmann degradation (e.g., Scheme ) 22, 23, 30. However, the yields are low.…”

“…Because the particles of most solid suspensions in water are negatively charged, flocculant applications are the principal target for cationic PAMs, such as the commercial Percol 721 and Percol E‐24, as they are also the principal objectives for any new cationic polymers 22. Recent investigations of this polymer class have focused on, for example, their electrical conductivity and counterion association23 and their flocculation efficiency with a coal thickener feed 24…”