Electrical conductivity and thermal stability of polypropylene containing well-dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes disentangled with exfoliated nanoplatelets

Chu, Chien-Chia; White, Kevin L.; Liu, Peng; Zhang, Xi; Sue, Hung‐Jue

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.05.063

Cited by 90 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…6 The percolation threshold of the polymer composites based on CNTs, compared to the composites containing conventional conducting fillers, 7-11 is much lower [12][13][14][15] because of the high aspect ratio (AR), excellent electrical conductivity, and the high specific surface area of CNTs. Low percolation threshold ensures the superior electrical conductivity of CNT/polymer composites while keeping their mechanical robustness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of carbon nanotube dimensions on the percolation characteristics of carbon nanotube/polymer composites

Shehzad

Ahmad

Hussain

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Evidence of percolation related power law behavior in the thermal conductivity of nanotube/polymer composites Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 243105 (2013); 10.1063/1.4811497 Non-monotonic dependence of the conductivity of carbon nanotube-filled elastomers subjected to uniaxial compression/decompression J. Appl. Phys. 113, 103706 (2013); 10.1063/1.4794835 Effect of filler auto-assembly on percolation transition in carbon nanotube/polymer composites Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 011907 (2013); 10.1063/1.4773994The effect of aspect ratio on the piezoresistive behavior of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic elastomer nanocompositesThe effect of carbon nanotube aspect ratio (AR) on the percolation characteristics of their polymer composites was investigated by melt blending the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different AR with a thermoplastic elastomer. Previously, most studies reported the effect of aspect ratio of MWCNTs only in the context of achieving the maximum electrical conductivity at lower percolation thresholds in the polymer composites. In this study, our results indicate that aspect ratio can also influence other percolation properties such as the pre-percolation conductivity, percolation conductivity and post-percolation conductivity, shape of the percolation curve, and the width of the insulator-conductor transition. We have established that AR can be used to tailor the percolation curves from sharp to quasi-linear ones, which can help us fabricate the percolative composites with stable electrical properties. Experimental results suggested that the mathematically calculated nominal AR of the MWCNTs was an unclear parameter to correlate with the percolation characteristics of the composites. Instead, an approach taking into consideration the nominal length (l) and the diameter (d) of the MWCNTs individually rather than as a combined AR (l/d) parameter gave a better explanation of the relation between MWCNT dimensions and percolation characteristics. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of carbon nanotube dimensions on the percolation characteristics of carbon nanotube/polymer composites

Shehzad

Ahmad

Hussain

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…In the PP/CNTs system, the η * gradually decreased until the temperature was over 300 °C, and then it slowly increased with the increase of temperature, implying a positive effect on restricting the oxidation degradation of PP chains. This may be ascribed to the quenching free radicals effect of CNTs due to their high electron affinity with sp 2 bond architecture . When CB was further added, a sharp increase for the η * was present in the range of 300–400 °C zone, which represents the formation of oxidation cross‐linking network.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanosized carbon black on thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Wen

Tian

Gong

et al. 2013

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Nanosized carbon black (CB) was introduced into polypropylene/carbon nanotubes (PP/CNTs) nanocomposites to investigate the effect of multi‐component nanofillers on the thermal stability and flammability properties of PP. The obtained ternary nanocomposites displayed dramatically improved thermal stability compared with neat PP and PP/CNTs nanocomposites. Moreover, the flame retardancy of resultant nanocomposites was greatly improved with a significant reduction in peak heat release rate and increase of limited oxygen index value, and it was strongly dependent on the content of CB. This enhanced effect was attributed mainly to the formation of good carbon protective layers by CB and CNTs during combustion. Rheological properties further confirmed that CB played an important role on promoting the formation of crosslink network on the base of PP/CNTs system, which were also responsible for the improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of PP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Besides, nanotube/polymer nanocomposites offer opportunity for various potential applications in several domains which include electronic device packaging, printed circuit boards, heat sinks, optical switches, photovoltaic devices, adhesive and coatings, aerospace and automotive materials, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding [39,40]. On comparison, with the huge number of reports on the reinforcement of CNTs in fibers, elastomers, thermoresins, and epoxides, there are reasonably a few articles dealing with reinforcement of CNTs in thermoplastics [1,[39][40][41][42][43]. Li et al [44] investigated the effects of MWCNTs on the thermal stability of PA6 under air and nitrogen atmosphere, and the activation energies for degradation were estimated by Kissinger method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Over years, thermal degradation kinetic studies of thermoplastic polymers are a topic of immense interest because the commercial and scientific importance of these materials [1][2][3][4] plays a vital role in various industrial applications [3][4][5]. In general, the thermal decomposition of polymers consists of some alteration in the physical properties and chemical structure because of external physical and/or chemical stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic analysis of the non-isothermal degradation of high-density polyethylene filled with multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Rajeshwari

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The thermal stability and non-isothermal degradation kinetics of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanocomposites were studied by thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analyses using multiple heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20°C min -1 ) under nitrogen gas atmosphere. A series of HDPE/MWNT composites of various vol% concentration of nanotubes were fabricated using melt mixing process. The morphology and nanostructure of prepared nanocomposites was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The kinetic parameters were evaluated using multiple heating rate-based four different ''model-free'' methods (viz., Kissinger, Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Kissinger-Akhaira-Sunose) and single heating rate-based one ''model-fitting'' method (Tang approach), and 18 kinetic model equations were used. FESEM images confirmed that the dispersion and distribution of the MWNTs in the HDPE polymer matrix was homogeneous. The kinetic parameters [E a , A, n, and k (Arrhenius constant at 600°C)] for all the samples studied were calculated. The highest values of E a , A, and n were found for the composites filled with 0.25 vol% MWNTs. For various vol% concentrations of HDPE/ MWNT nanocomposites, the dependence of the apparent activation energy (E a ) on fractional conversion (a) showed two-stage decomposition process, within the conversion window (0.05 B a B 0.95). Invariant kinetic parameter method (IKP) has been employed for all investigated nanocomposite system. A linear dependence between ln(A i ) and E a,i was observed, making use of so-called compensation effect. Using IKP method, the values of the artificial isokinetic temperature ''T iso '' and artificial isokinetic rate constant ''k iso '' have been also estimated for all heating rates and found increases with increase in the heating rate (b). In addition, the dependence of lnA a on a was evaluated, and it was found that the lnA a revealed the same dependence on a as the apparent activation energies (E a ) versus a plot shown. In order to estimate the kinetic degradation mechanism(s) of investigated system, Criado method was employed. The thermal decomposition kinetics of HDPE/MWNT composites were found to be best described by kinetic equations of n th order (AnFn and Dn mechanisms) to be more precise A1F1 ? D1 ? D2 kinetic models.

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Electrical conductivity and thermal stability of polypropylene containing well-dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes disentangled with exfoliated nanoplatelets

Cited by 90 publications

References 56 publications

Influence of carbon nanotube dimensions on the percolation characteristics of carbon nanotube/polymer composites

Influence of carbon nanotube dimensions on the percolation characteristics of carbon nanotube/polymer composites

Effect of nanosized carbon black on thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Kinetic analysis of the non-isothermal degradation of high-density polyethylene filled with multi-wall carbon nanotubes

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