Electrical conductivity modeling of carbon black/polycarbonate, carbon nanotube/polycarbonate, and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet/polycarbonate composites

Via, Michael D.; King, Julia A.; Keith, Jason M.; Bogucki, Gregg R.

doi:10.1002/app.35096

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The average values of σ for microparts with lower CNT concentrations (<7 wt%) are not available because they are outside of the measurement scale for the Keithley electrometer, indicating that a higher filler concentration is required to attain sufficient conductive pathways within subsequent microparts. In contrast, Via et al reported that the percolation threshold ( p c ) for CIM PC/CNT macroparts is about 1.7 wt% (1.2 vol%). Moreover, they reported that the σ reached 2.2 × 10 −4 S/cm of PC‐2 macroparts, which is nearly 6 orders of magnitude higher than that obtained in μIM, indicating that the difference in shearing conditions plays a pivotal role in determining the microstructure of subsequent moldings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In contrast, Via et al reported that the percolation threshold ( p c ) for CIM PC/CNT macroparts is about 1.7 wt% (1.2 vol%). Moreover, they reported that the σ reached 2.2 × 10 −4 S/cm of PC‐2 macroparts, which is nearly 6 orders of magnitude higher than that obtained in μIM, indicating that the difference in shearing conditions plays a pivotal role in determining the microstructure of subsequent moldings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Microinjection molding of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT)–filled polycarbonate nanocomposites and comparison with electrical and morphological properties of various other CNT‐filled thermoplastic micromoldings

Zhou

Hrymak

Kamal

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A series of polycarbonate (PC)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites were prepared by diluting a commercially available masterbatch using a neat PC resin in a lab‐scale batch mixer. The obtained nanocomposites were subjected to microinjection molding to fabricate microparts, which have a 3‐step decrease in thickness along the flow direction, under a defined set of processing conditions. The obtained microparts were mechanically divided into 3 different sections, namely, thick, middle, and thin sections, based on thickness. Morphology observations and electrical conductivity measurements were conducted to explore the evolution of microstructure within subsequent microparts. Additionally, a comparison of the electrical and morphological properties of stepped microparts of various thermoplastic polymers filled with CNT was studied. Results suggested that the selection of host polymers influences the dispersion of nanotubes within subsequent moldings, thereby affecting the electrical properties. The thermal stability of subsequent moldings deteriorated upon the addition of CNT, suggesting that the addition of CNT and the thermomechanical history experienced by the polymer melts in microinjection molding might cause a chain scission effect on PC. Raman spectroscopy analysis was used to study the orientation and properties of CNT in microparts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Microinjection molding of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT)–filled polycarbonate nanocomposites and comparison with electrical and morphological properties of various other CNT‐filled thermoplastic micromoldings

Zhou

Hrymak

Kamal

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Similar ER values have been reported in the open literature for GNP composites in other thermoplastics. For example, XG Sciences's xGnP graphene nanoplatelets (5 μm average particle diameter with a thickness of 6–8 nm) in polycarbonate that were also extruded and injection molded had a percolation threshold of 7.4 wt% (4.6 vol%) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least five samples were tested for each formulation. Additional detailed test method information is shown elsewhere .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carbon fillers on the conductivity and tensile properties of polyetheretherketone composites

et al. 2016

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)‐based composites are used in aerospace applications due to their high mechanical strengths at temperatures >250°C, excellent chemical resistance properties, and outstanding dimensional stability. In this work, varying amounts of three different carbon fillers (carbon black [CB], graphene nanoplatelets [GNP], and carbon fiber [CF]) were added to PEEK to produce conductive composites for aerospace applications. Researchers extruded, injection molded, and performed electrical and thermal conductivity (TC) and tensile tests on GNP/PEEK, CB/PEEK, CF/PEEK, and CB/CF/PEEK composites. Five formulations could be used for electrostatic dissipative applications: 15 wt% GNP/PEEK, 20 wt% CF/PEEK, 2.5 wt% CB/10 wt% CF/PEEK, and 2.5 wt% CB/20 wt% CF/PEEK. Seven formulations could be used for electrically conductive applications: 30 wt% CF/PEEK, 5 wt% CB/PEEK, 7.5 wt% CB/PEEK, 10 wt% CB/PEEK, 2.5 wt% CB/30 wt% CF/PEEK, 5 wt% CB/30 wt% CF/PEEK, and 7.5 wt% CB/30 wt% CF/PEEK. The most conductive composite produced was 7.5 wt% CB/30 wt% CF/PEEK, which had an electrical resisitivity (1/electrical conductivity) of 0.56 Ω cm, a TC twice that of the neat PEEK, a tensile strength of 145 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 18.4 GPa. Per the authors' knowledge, properties on these GNP/PEEK, CB/PEEK, and CB/CF/PEEK composites have not been previously reported in the open literature. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E807–E816, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Carbon nanotubes and other carbon fillers have also been used to increase polymer conductivity, and could potentially be used in the conductive layers (Sandler et al, 1999, Kim et al, 2010, Via et al, 2012. However, our eutectic blends have higher conductivity than composites of conductive polymers or carbon reported in the literature.…”

Section: C Onclusions and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 84%

Multilayer Coextrusion of Polymer Composites to Develop Organic Capacitors

Mondy

Mrozek

Rao

et al. 2015

International Polymer Processing

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Multilayer coextrusion is applied to produce at ape containing layers of alternating electrical properties to demonstrate the potential for using coextrusion to manufacture capacitors. To obtain the desired properties, we develop two filled polymer systems, one for conductive layers and one for dielectric layers. We describe numerical models used to help determine the material and processing parameters that impact processing and layer stability. These models help quantify the critical ratios of densities and viscosities of the two layers to maintain stable layers, as well as the effect of increasing the flow rate of one of the two materials. The conducting polymer is based on polystyrene filled with ab lend of low-meltingpoint eutectic metal and nickel particulate filler, as described by Mrozek et al. (2010). The appropriate concentrations of fillers are determined by balancing measured conductivity with processability in at win screw extruder. Based on results of the numerical models and estimates of the viscosity of emulsions and suspensions, ad ielectric layer composed of polystyrene filled with barium titanate is formulated. Despite the fact that the density of the dielectric filler is less than the metallic filler of the conductive phase, as well as rheological measurements that later showed that the dielectric formulation is not an ideal match to the viscosity of the conductive material, the two materials can be successfully coextruded if the flow rates of the two materials are not identical. Am easurable capacitance of the layered structure is obtained. 1I ntroductionMultilayer coextrusion combines multiple polymers into a layered structure to produce composite properties that are not found in asingle polymer. Coextrusion processes have been in use for over 40 years, and multilayered film structures have found commercial application in the area of food and beverage packaging for their barrier properties and as protective coatings (Wagner, 2010). The multilayer coextrusione quipment used here is based on work by Zhao and Macosko (2002). The equipment combines the polymer flows from two single screw extruders into an initial layered structure that then passes through aseries of dies to multiply the number of layers. The first die splits the flow vertically; the two components are stacked and recombined to effectively double the number of layers. As the number of layers is increased in the same die cross-sectional area, the individual layer thickness decreases. This method has successfully been implemented by companies like 3M and Dow to produce multilayered structures of * 20 m ma nd 110 nm, respectively (3M 2005(3M , Dow 2007). In our equipment the initial layered structure consists of 8layers. As aresult, the number of multiplication sections, n, will result in 2 n+3 layers in a1mmtape.

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Electrical conductivity modeling of carbon black/polycarbonate, carbon nanotube/polycarbonate, and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet/polycarbonate composites

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Microinjection molding of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT)–filled polycarbonate nanocomposites and comparison with electrical and morphological properties of various other CNT‐filled thermoplastic micromoldings

Microinjection molding of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT)–filled polycarbonate nanocomposites and comparison with electrical and morphological properties of various other CNT‐filled thermoplastic micromoldings

Effects of carbon fillers on the conductivity and tensile properties of polyetheretherketone composites

Multilayer Coextrusion of Polymer Composites to Develop Organic Capacitors

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