Electrical conductivity of a graphite layer

Pietronero, L.; Strässler, S.; Zeller, H. R.; Rice, M. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.22.904

Cited by 149 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Considering the expansion of the graphite-layer spacing during Li intercalation 36 , we can estimate that r(LiC 6 )B3.1 Â 10 À 6 and r(LiC 12 )B1.4 Â 10 À 5 O cm À 1 . The intrinsic limit of the conductivity for doped graphene at room temperature is set by electron-acoustic phonon scattering and is approximately s dc,phonon ¼ 33 mS per layer 26,37 for Fermi energies in the linear portion of the band structure, while we observe a DC sheet conductivity s dc E11 mS per layer in LiC 6 . At the high doping levels present in LiC 6 , we expect significant band curvature and reduction in the Fermi velocity, likely reducing the limiting conductivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…On intercalation, we observe a large improvement in the optical transmittance, and at the same time a dramatic increase of sheet conductivity. The Dirac electronic band structure allows for very low electron phonon resistivity even at relatively low carrier concentration 26 , hence high DC conductivity is achieved with low optical conductivity below the visible range. In addition to elucidating the limits of conductivity and transparency in ultrathin graphite, we expect that the experimental techniques developed here will be broadly useful for studying the intercalation dynamics and correlated optoelectronic properties of other 2D nanomaterials that can be intercalated electrochemically.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation

et al. 2014

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Various band structure engineering methods have been studied to improve the performance of graphitic transparent conductors; however, none has demonstrated an increase of optical transmittance in the visible range. Here we measure in situ optical transmittance spectra and electrical transport properties of ultrathin graphite (3-60 graphene layers) simultaneously during electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. On intercalation, we observe an increase of both optical transmittance (up to twofold) and electrical conductivity (up to two orders of magnitude), strikingly different from other materials. Transmission as high as 91.7% with a sheet resistance of 3.0 O per square is achieved for 19-layer LiC 6 , which corresponds to a figure of merit s dc /s opt ¼ 1,400, significantly higher than any other continuous transparent electrodes. The unconventional modification of ultrathin graphite optoelectronic properties is explained by the suppression of interband optical transitions and a small intraband Drude conductivity near the interband edge. Our techniques enable investigation of other aspects of intercalation in nanostructures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

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confidence: 99%

Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation

et al. 2014

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“…We note that the electron-phonon matrix element for these two acoustic modes have different angular dependencies with transition matrix elements 76,77 , which became negated after summing them 77 . v S is graphene effective sound velocity defined as 33 2v…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cooling of photoexcited carriers in graphene by internal and substrate phonons

Low¹,

Perebeinos²,

et al. 2012

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We investigate the energy relaxation of hot carriers produced by photoexcitation of graphene through coupling to both intrinsic and remote (substrate) surface polar phonons using the Boltzmann equation approach. We find that the energy relaxation of hot photocarriers in graphene on commonly used polar substrates, under most conditions, is dominated by remote surface polar phonons. We also calculate key characteristics of the energy relaxation process, such as the transient cooling time and steady state carrier temperatures and photocarriers densities, which determine the thermoelectric and photovoltaic photoresponse, respectively. Substrate engineering can be a promising route to efficient optoelectronic devices driven by hot carrier dynamics.

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“…Even though the effect of acoustic phonon scattering on the transport properties of graphene has been studied widely in the literature, 20,30,31,[33][34][35][36][37] a complete study considering the full details of the coupling matrix element is still lacking. The purpose of the present study is to fill out this gap and provide a detailed analysis of the acoustic electron-phonon interaction in graphene and at the same time establish the intrinsic value of the effective deformation potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the acoustic electron-phonon interaction in graphene

2012

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Using a first-principles approach we calculate the electron-phonon couplings in graphene for the transverse and longitudinal acoustic phonons. Analytic forms of the coupling matrix elements valid in the long-wavelength limit are found to give an almost quantitative description of the first-principles matrix elements even at shorter wavelengths. Using the analytic forms of the coupling matrix elements, we study the acoustic phonon-limited carrier mobility and quasiparticle lifetime observable in photoemission spectroscopy for temperatures 0-200 K and high carrier densities of 10 12 -10 13 cm −2 . We find that the intrinsic effective acoustic deformation potential of graphene is eff = 6.8 eV and that the temperature dependence of the mobility μ ∼ T −α in the Bloch-Grüneisen regime increases beyond an α = 4 dependence even in the absence of screening when the true coupling matrix elements are considered. The α > 4 temperature dependence of the mobility is found to originate in a similar temperature dependence of the relaxation time at the Fermi level. The large disagreement between our calculated deformation potential and those extracted from experimental measurements (18-29 eV) indicates that additional or modified acoustic phonon-scattering mechanisms are at play in experimental situations.

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Electrical conductivity of a graphite layer

Cited by 149 publications

References 13 publications

Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation

Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation

Cooling of photoexcited carriers in graphene by internal and substrate phonons

Unraveling the acoustic electron-phonon interaction in graphene

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