Electrical conductivity of magnetically stabilized fluidized-bed electrodes – Chronoamperometric and impedance studies

Multifunctional Core–Shell Particle Electrodes for Application in Fluidized Bed Reactors

“…No side reactions are included via this calculation of the electrochemical conversion. However, by examining the electrochemical conversion via a reduction–oxidation electrode, it could be shown that, in the potential range between −0.2 to −0.6 V, the occurrence of side reactions can be neglected. ,, I max = V̇ · c · F · z where V̇ is the volume flow, c is the molar concentration, F is the Faraday constant, and z is the number of electrons transferred in the redox reaction.…”

“…However, by examining the electrochemical conversion via a reduction−oxidation electrode, it could be shown that, in the potential range between −0.2 to −0.6 V, the occurrence of side reactions can be neglected. 12,69,70…”

Continuous fractionation of nanoparticles based on their magnetic properties applying simulated moving bed chromatography

“…Again, both nanoparticle types were commercially sourced and, according to the manufacturer, had a nominal size of 50 nm. The core-shell particles have a saturation magnetization of 48 Am 2 /kg and a density of 2.5 g/cm 3 . Due to the improved magnetic properties, this second particle mixture was used for further investigations in the continuous processes.…”

“…The use of nanoparticles, which are particles in the size range below 1000 nm, is becoming increasingly important from a technical perspective. They offer many advantages like the enhancement of mass as well as electron transfer effects [1][2][3] and they are available in a wide chemical and morphological diversity [4]. This enables fields of application such as data storage [5], vaccines [6], biosensors [7], polymeric nanoparticle based materials [8], magnetic hyperthermia [9,10] and targeted drug therapy [11][12][13].…”

Influence of non-conducting suspended solids onto the efficiency of electrochemical reactors using fluidized bed electrodes

“…The contacting of the individual electrode particles depends on the expansion of the particle bed, which depends, among other things, on the flow velocity of the feed solution [6]. As a consequence, the particle contact is reduced with increasing flow velocity [6,9] and consequently the electrical resistance of the electrode bed increases [10]. This also increases the voltage drop within the electrode with increasing distance from the current source and only a small amount of the particles can participate in the electrochemical conversion [11,12].…”