Electrical conductivity of water in shock compression

Abstract

The electrical conductivity of water, compressed by explosively driven shock waves, has been measured in the experimentally difficult range of relatively low pressures (20-100 kbars). The results link the earlier high-pressure data of David and Hamann and of Yuknavech with the results of static experiments at much lower pressures. They confirm that the high conductivity of shocked water arises from enhancement of the normal self-ionization of water. In addition, experiments have been carried out to determine the efTects of changing the initial temperature of the water, and to compare the behaviour of shocked D20 with that of H20.

The Condensed Matter Physics of Planetary Interiors

“…~t is known that water becomes pressuredissociated into H O+OH-above about 1.5~10 Pa (Hamann and Linton, 1966) and this almost certainly explains why the equation of state deduced from recent shock data (Nellis, 1978) is softer than previous estimates. In Uranus and Neptune, the actual temperature (assuming, as usual, an adiabatic structure) should exceed the freezing point and it is necessary to understand the thermodynamics of t ionic melt and how this alloys with other constituents such as H , NH and CH .…”

Water at High Dynamic Pressures and Temperatures

“…In electrical conductivity experiments protons are generally considered to be the charge carriers in water compressed and heated by one or multiple shocks up to ∼ 180 GPa [2, 4,5,10,11]. States achieved in [2,4] lie on the isentrope of Neptune [12,13].…”

Electrical Conductivity in Hydrothermal Binary and Ternary Systems

“…The conductivity measurements at the highest pressure were performed in Australia by Hamann and Linton (Hamann and Linton, 1969) using an explosive, shock-wave technique at very short duration (Hamann and Linton, 1966) which allowed the use of polyethylene insulators. The authors performed electrical conductivity measurements of pure water and simple salts up to 10 GPa.…”