Electrical Control of Surface-Wave Propagation at the Planar Interface of a Linear Electro-Optic Material and an Isotropic Dielectric Material

Nelatury, Sudarshan R.; Polo, John A.; Lakhtakia, Akhlesh

doi:10.1080/02726340801921486

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, cBN has potential EO applications. The determination of the EO coefficients of cBN crystals is a prerequisite not only for the EO applications, but also for other studies (e.g., for the study of Raman efficiency of cBN [4] and for the propagation control of the surface wave generated from the interface between the cBN crystal and other isotropic medium [5] ). Some different theoretical results of the EO tensor of the cBN crystals have been reported [6−8] , but these results were only evaluated based on the secondorder non-linear susceptibility χ (2) (−2ω, ω, ω), which is related to the second harmonic generation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of the linear electro-optic tensor of cubic boron nitride single crystals

Wang¹,

Jia²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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The transverse electro-optic (EO) modulation system is built based on cubic boron nitride (cBN) single crystals unintentionally doped and synthesized at a high pressure and high temperature. The photoelectric output of the system includes two parts that can be measured respectively and the value of elements in the linear EO tensor of the cBN crystal can be obtained. This method does not need to measure the absolute light intensity. All of the surfaces of the tiny cBN crystals whose hardness is next to the hardest diamonds are {111} planes. The rectangular parallelepiped cBN samples are obtained by cleaving along {110} planes and subsequently grinding and polishing {112} planes of the tiny octahedral cBN flakes. Three identical non-zero elements of the EO tensor of the cBN crystal are measured via two sample configurations, and the measured results are very close, about 3.68 and 3.95 pm/V, respectively, which are larger than the linear EO coefficients of the general III-V compounds.OCIS codes: 160.2100, 160.4760, 190.4400, 190.4720. doi: 10.3788/COL201210.041602. Cubic boron nitride (cBN) has a zinc blend structure and belongs to the T d point group; thus, it possesses the linear electro-optic (EO) effect. Its EO tensor possesses only three identical non-zero elements, namely, γ 41 = γ 52 = γ 63 . The bandgap of cBN is about 6.3 eV [1−3] , which is the widest among the III-V compounds. Therefore, cBN is transparent in throughout the visible range and most of the infrared and ultraviolet spectra; it can also operate in the wide spectral range as the EO material. Furthermore, cBN has a very high laser damage threshold, meaning it can withstand high-power pulsed or continuous-wave (CW) laser beams. Thus, cBN has potential EO applications. The determination of the EO coefficients of cBN crystals is a prerequisite not only for the EO applications, but also for other studies (e.g., for the study of Raman efficiency of cBN [4] and for the propagation control of the surface wave generated from the interface between the cBN crystal and other isotropic medium [5] ). Some different theoretical results of the EO tensor of the cBN crystals have been reported [6−8] , but these results were only evaluated based on the secondorder non-linear susceptibility χ (2) (−2ω, ω, ω), which is related to the second harmonic generation. In fact, the linear EO coefficient γ 41 (ω) should be obtained based on χ (2) (−ω, ω, 0), which is relevant to the linear EO effect and optical rectification. Because of the frequency dispersion of the second-order non-linear susceptibility, χ (2) (−2ω, ω, ω) = χ (2) (−ω, ω, 0); that is, the accurate value of γ 41 (ω) should come from the experiments of the linear EO effect or optical rectification. Unfortunately, very few reports [9] have yet examined the experimental value of γ 41 of cBN crystals. The main obstacles may include the difficulties of synthesizing the high-quality large cBN crystals and fabricating cBN crystals into suitable rectangular parallelepiped samples because of the second highe...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the linear electro-optic tensor of cubic boron nitride single crystals

Wang¹,

Jia²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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“…As some of these electro-optic materials can be biaxial, calculations have been performed to characterize Dyakonov waves guided by the planar interface of an isotropic dielectric material and a biaxial electro-optic material [139]. Because the surface-wave characteristics are controllable by an applied dc electric field in this case, there is potential for technological applications.…”

Section: Interfaces Of Isotropic/anisotropic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface electromagnetic waves: A review

Polo

Lakhtakia

2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

180

107

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From the beginning of the 20th century, researchers have been interested in surface electromagnetic waves guided by planar interfaces of dissimilar mediums. Much initial research on surface-plasmon waves and surface-plasmonpolariton waves stemmed from theoretical curiosity, but the development of new experimental techniques propelled commercial exploitation for optical sensors of chemical and biological species. Additional surface waves called Dyakonov waves, Tamm waves, and Dyakonov-Tamm waves have emerged during the last 25 years. Experimental observation of Dyakonov waves was reported only in 2009, but the rapid development of experimental apparatus during the 1990s suggests that theoretical predictions will soon be evaluated experimentally, leading to further development of optical detection systems and optical circuitry.

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“…7 The significance of this wave-nowadays called the Dyakonov wave-for optical sensing and waveguiding was recognized subsequently. 8,9 Since then, theoretical studies on Dyakonov waves guided by many different types of planar bimaterial interfaces have been published [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] As a Dyakonov wave can exist only when very restrictive conditions are satisfied, 19,20 the range of direction of propagation in the interface plane is very narrow, and two decades were to elapse after the prediction of its existence for an experimental observation to be reported. 21 Extending the concept of the Dyakonov wave, Lakhtakia and Polo 22 predicted another type of surface wave-the Dyakonov-Tamm wave-by choosing one of the two partnering dielectric materials to be a chiral sculptured thin film (STF), 23,24 which is both anisotropic and periodically nonhomogeneous in the direction normal to the interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptic view of Dyakonov–Tamm waves localized to the planar interface of two chiral sculptured thin films

2011

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The Dyakonov-Tamm wave combines the features of the Dyakonov wave and the Tamm electronic state. Dyakonov-Tamm waves guided by the planar interface of two dissimilar chiral sculptured thin films (STFs) were systematically examined. The interfaces result from the chiral STFs being dissimilar in (a) orientation about the helical axis, (b) structural handedness, (c) structural period, (d) vapor incidence angle, (e) material, or (f) various combinations thereof. A boundary-value problem for the propagation of Dyakonov-Tamm waves was formulated and numerically solved. Up to three physical solutions were obtained for any specific combination of constitutive properties of the two chiral STFs. Each solution indicates the existence of a Dyakonov-Tamm wave. If more than one solution exists, the corresponding DyakonovTamm waves differ in phase speed and degree of localization to the interface. Fewer solutions were found when the two chiral STFs differ in many attributes. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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Electrical Control of Surface-Wave Propagation at the Planar Interface of a Linear Electro-Optic Material and an Isotropic Dielectric Material

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Measurement of the linear electro-optic tensor of cubic boron nitride single crystals

Measurement of the linear electro-optic tensor of cubic boron nitride single crystals

Surface electromagnetic waves: A review

Synoptic view of Dyakonov–Tamm waves localized to the planar interface of two chiral sculptured thin films

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