The authors report on colossal electroresistance ͑ER͒ in the ferromagnetic insulator manganite La 0.9 Sr 0.1 MnO 3 . The single crystal samples exhibit a transition into a low resistive state above a certain threshold current. Pulsed measurements demonstrate that this transition is not a consequence of heating. ER behaves similarly to magnetoresistance ͑MR͒ above the orbital order temperature T OO . Below T OO the MR is only 20% while ER enhances the conductivity by several orders of magnitude. Magnetic field and electric current have opposite effects on the conductivity, therefore, it seems that only the injected carriers are able to modify the ordering of e g Mn orbitals. © 2007 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2745220͔ Materials and composites based on mixed manganese oxides ͑manganites͒ R 1−x A x MnO 3 ͑R = La, Pr; A = Ca, Sr͒ are prospect candidates for electronic and/or magnetic devices. Their potential for application is based on coupling of charge and spin orders of freedom. The well studied phenomenon in manganites is magnetoresistance ͑MR͒, the magnitude of which ranges from "giant" 10%-20% to colossal 10 8 % in charge ordered Pr 1−x Ca x MnO 3 , x = 0.3-0.5. 1 Recently, a more debated phenomenon is electroresistance ͑ER͒, i.e., nonlinear current-voltage ͑I-V͒ characteristics. Similar to MR, the magnitude of ER varies in different compounds, reaching equally colossal values in Pr 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 . 2 ER and MR are coupled, i.e., the voltage/current necessary to trigger insulator-metal transition decreases with magnetic field. Since this initial report in 1997, a significant number of publications report nonlinear I-V effects in manganites. Initially, investigations were limited to materials with charge order ͑CO͒ ground state. Different interpretations for these nonlinearities included depinning of CO state, 3 depinning of charge density waves, 4 or change in the orientation of orbital ordering ͑OO͒. 5,6 Indeed, nonlinear effects were subsequently found in materials without CO,7,8 undermining the interpretation of "melting" of CO/OO states.Recent reports tend to interpret the nonlinear I-V characteristics in manganites as the consequence of Joule heating due to large currents. [9][10][11] In the case of resistive curves with a maximum in R͑T͒, current localization on conductive paths and self-heating was suggested to explain the concomitant increase and decrease of resistance with increasing current. 12,13 However, abrupt switches between high and low resistive states are also found in systems where heating cannot explain the increase of resistance with increasing current. 14 To elucidate the relationship of CO/OO order, magnetism, heating, and I-V nonlinearities in manganites, we have studied La 0.9 Sr 0.1 MnO 3 , a system that is a ferromagnetic insulator with charge/orbital ordering. 15 The parent compound LaMnO 3 is a paramagnetic insulator that at T Ͻ 140 K orders antiferromagnetically. By hole doping ͑by divalent ions such as Sr 2+ ͒ it is possible to change the ground state from i...