Electrical Detection of Polarity and Chirality of a Magnetic Vortex Using Spin-Motive Force Caused by Rashba Spin–Orbit Coupling

Moon, Jung Hwan; Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Lee, Hyun Woo; Lee, Kyung Jin

doi:10.1143/apex.5.123002

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this case, self-consistent calculations are needed to properly take into account the effect of complicated angle-dependent spin transfer torque on current-induced magnetization dynamics. Furthermore, since spin transfer torques and spin motive forces are closely related, a sizable spin transfer torque due to Rashba spin-orbit coupling suggests that the magnetization dynamics in Rashba ferromagnets can generate a large spin motive force [168][169][170]. In this case, the spin motive force may require self-consistent calculations to accurately account for the spin relaxation process since the Rashba spin-orbit coupling correlates the spin directions with the wave vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics

et al. 2013

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A spin-polarized current transfers its spin-angular momentum to a local magnetization, exciting various types of current-induced magnetization dynamics. So far, most studies in this field have focused on the direct effect of spin transport on magnetization dynamics, but ignored the feedback from the magnetization dynamics to the spin transport and back to the magnetization dynamics. Although the feedback is usually weak, there are situations when it can play an important role in the dynamics. In such situations, simultaneous, self-consistent calculations of the magnetization dynamics and the spin transport can accurately describe the feedback. This review describes in detail the feedback mechanisms, and presents recent progress in self-consistent calculations of the coupled dynamics. We pay special attention to three representative examples, where the feedback generates non-local effective interactions for the magnetization after the spin accumulation has been integrated out. Possibly the most dramatic feedback example is the dynamic instability in magnetic nanopillars with a single magnetic layer. This instability does not occur without non-local feedback. We demonstrate that full self-consistent calculations generate simulation results in much better agreement with experiments than previous calculations that addressed the feedback effect approximately.The next example is for more typical spin valve nanopillars. Although the effect of feedback is less dramatic because even without feedback the current can make stationary states unstable and induce magnetization oscillation, the feedback can still have important consequences. For instance, we show that the feedback can reduce the linewidth of oscillations, in agreement with experimental observations. A key aspect of this reduction is the suppression of the excitation of short wave length spin waves by the non-local feedback.Finally, we consider nonadiabatic electron transport in narrow domain walls. The non-local feedback in these systems leads to a significant renormalization of the effective nonadiabatic 3 spin transfer torque. These examples show that the self-consistent treatment of spin transport and magnetization dynamics is important for understanding the physics of the coupled dynamics and for providing a bridge between the ongoing research fields of current-induced magnetization dynamics and the newly emerging fields of magnetization-dynamics-induced generation of charge and spin currents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics

et al. 2013

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“…Curl of in-plane polarization (also called as axial current 88 ) is a concept in fluid mechanics that describes the rotational motion of fluid around a common centerline 89 . In the context of polar structures, it is also used to characterize the clockwise or counterclockwise toroidal ordering 23 , 90 , 91 . The curl of the in-plane polarization map was obtained by slicing the 3D polarization vector field along the [100] direction and then calculating the x -component of the curl for the normalized in-plane polarization fields.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the three-dimensional arrangement of polar topology in nanoparticles

Jeong,

Lee,

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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In the early 2000s, low dimensional ferroelectric systems were predicted to have topologically nontrivial polar structures, such as vortices or skyrmions, depending on mechanical or electrical boundary conditions. A few variants of these structures have been experimentally observed in thin film model systems, where they are engineered by balancing electrostatic charge and elastic distortion energies. However, the measurement and classification of topological textures for general ferroelectric nanostructures have remained elusive, as it requires mapping the local polarization at the atomic scale in three dimensions. Here we unveil topological polar structures in ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles via atomic electron tomography, which enables us to reconstruct the full three-dimensional arrangement of cation atoms at an individual atom level. Our three-dimensional polarization maps reveal clear topological orderings, along with evidence of size-dependent topological transitions from a single vortex structure to multiple vortices, consistent with theoretical predictions. The discovery of the predicted topological polar ordering in nanoscale ferroelectrics, independent of epitaxial strain, widens the research perspective and offers potential for practical applications utilizing contact-free switchable toroidal moments.

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“…There are various kinds of strategies that can definitely control the vortex polarity and chirality, with some of them reaching a low-power consumption (typically, with a switching field of about 1 mT or a current density 10 7 A cm −2 ) and ultrafast switching (with a switching time of dozens of ps). There are also strategies on how to read the vortex polarity and chirality, such as those of electrical detection based on the TMR effect [440], the anisotropic magnetoresistance (MR) effect [441], or induction [442,443]. One can also note that some patents of vortexbased memory devices based on the nanopillar structure [444,445], and some operation models of vortex-based memory devices have been proposed [446,447].…”

Section: Potential Applications Of Magnetic Vorticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and controllability of vortices in ferromagnetics, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics

Zheng

Chen

2017

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Topological defects in condensed matter are attracting e significant attention due to their important role in phase transition and their fascinating characteristics. Among the various types of matter, ferroics which possess a switchable physical characteristic and form domain structure are ideal systems to form topological defects. In particular, a special class of topological defects-vortices-have been found to commonly exist in ferroics. They often manifest themselves as singular regions where domains merge in large systems, or stabilize as novel order states instead of forming domain structures in small enough systems. Understanding the characteristics and controllability of vortices in ferroics can provide us with deeper insight into the phase transition of condensed matter and also exciting opportunities in designing novel functional devices such as nano-memories, sensors, and transducers based on topological defects. In this review, we summarize the recent experimental and theoretical progress in ferroic vortices, with emphasis on those spin/dipole vortices formed in nanoscale ferromagnetics and ferroelectrics, and those structural domain vortices formed in multiferroic hexagonal manganites. We begin with an overview of this field. The fundamental concepts of ferroic vortices, followed by the theoretical simulation and experimental methods to explore ferroic vortices, are then introduced. The various characteristics of vortices (e.g. formation mechanisms, static/dynamic features, and electronic properties) and their controllability (e.g. by size, geometry, external thermal, electrical, magnetic, or mechanical fields) in ferromagnetics, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics are discussed in detail in individual sections. Finally, we conclude this review with an outlook on this rapidly developing field.

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Electrical Detection of Polarity and Chirality of a Magnetic Vortex Using Spin-Motive Force Caused by Rashba Spin–Orbit Coupling

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics

Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics

Revealing the three-dimensional arrangement of polar topology in nanoparticles

Characteristics and controllability of vortices in ferromagnetics, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics

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