Electrical impedance scanning: a new imaging technique for evaluating microcalcification in the breast?

Kneeshaw, P.J.; Drew, PJ; Hubbard, Anne

doi:10.1186/bcr476

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Though hopes were high for EIS, studies show contradictory results. Although Kneeshaw et al [ 104 ] found that “EIS is able to differentiate malignant from benign disease associated with clinically occult microcalcification,” Wersebe et al [ 105 ] called the diagnostic accuracy of the scan “mediocre.” Melloul et al [ 102 ] decided that EIS, with its 72.2% sensitivity and 67% specificity, did not improve the detection rate of breast cancer when combined with 99m Tc-SSM. In another study, EIS yielded a false-positive rate comparable with that of mammography [ 106 ].…”

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Breast Cancer Detection: A Technological Review

Nover

Jagtap

Anjum

et al. 2009

International Journal of Biomedical Imaging

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Breast cancer is a serious threat worldwide and is the number two killer of women in the United States. The key to successful management is screening and early detection. What follows is a description of the state of the art in screening and detection for breast cancer as well as a discussion of new and emerging technologies. This paper aims to serve as a starting point for those who are not acquainted with this growing field.

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Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Breast Cancer Detection: A Technological Review

Nover

Jagtap

Anjum

et al. 2009

International Journal of Biomedical Imaging

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“…The viability of electrical impedance measurements to assist the clinician in the diagnosis of breast cancer is clearly still under intense investigation. Some recent clinical studies, such as the work by Wersebe and colleagues [ 21 ] and Kneeshaw and colleagues [ 22 ], again provide conflicting results. Wersebe and colleagues concluded that EIS does not improve diagnostic accuracy, while Kneeshaw and colleagues found favorable results in the ability of EIS to detect occult microcalcification in the breast.…”

Section: Electrical Impedance Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Hope

Iles

2003

Breast Cancer Res

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C = capacitance; ε = permittivity; EIS = electrical impedance scanning; R = resistance; σ = conductance; SMM = 99m Tc-sestamibi scintimammography; Z = magnitude.Available online http://breast-cancer-research.com/content/6/2/69 IntroductionElectrical impedance scanning (EIS) maps are a measure of the electrical properties of an object made through surface measurements. The information is obtained quickly and comfortably, and the method shows promise for detecting cancers that may have previously gone undetected. The technology of electrical impedance measurements in the detection of disease has become a topic of great interest for engineering and physiological scientists. Electrical properties of biological tissues Electrical properties of living tissueInterest and experimentation in the electrical properties of tissues began in the late 1800s. This interest has evolved into a branch of physiology and the research has lead to insight into various mechanisms. This section provides an overview of some electrical terminology that is used in tissue impedance studies.First are basic explanations of resistance (R), conductance (σ), permittivity (ε) and capacitance (C). Resistance is a property that opposes current flow, and conductance is the inverse of resistance. Capacitance is a property that opposes a change in voltage or electric potential across an object and acts to store energy. A capacitor consists of two conductors, each oppositely charged and separated by a dielectric material. Permittivity is a property of the dielectric material and reflects the ability of charges in the material to move in response to an electric field. Capacitance is a function of the permittivity and the physical geometry of the object. For example, the capacitance formula for a two-plate capacitor is C = εA / d, where A is the area of each plate and d is the distance between them. The complex impedance (Z) of an RC series circuit can be described as Z = R + jX c , where X c = 1 / ωC (ω = 2πf, where f is frequency). The representation of the impedance can also be in the form of polar coordinates with Z = Z / θ, where Z is the magnitude and θ is the phase angle of the impedance. Z is the square root of R 2 + X c 2 and θ = arctan(X c / R). Permittivity and thus capacitance are usually considered to be constant values, independent of frequency. AbstractThe present paper focuses on electrical impedance scanning. The basic science behind the new modality, measurements of breast tissue impedance in vivo and in vitro, and the studies performed with a newly available commercial machine are discussed. Electrical impedance scanning has been generating interest for several reasons, including comfort to the patient, the relatively low cost, and studies suggest that it may be effective in detecting disease in mammographically dense breasts.

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