Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the urinary bladder: the effect of inflammation and edema on identification of malignancy

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that tetrapolar electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements can identify cervical interstitial neoplasia with the same sensitivity and specificity as cervical smears. In the urinary bladder, the same technique yields significant differences (p < 0.05 at seven frequencies between 9.6 and 614 kHz) between normal and malignant urothelium, but is unable to classify individual measurements. Detailed histological examination demonstrates that inflammation and edema--both of which are common in abnormal urothelium--alter the impedance spectrum significantly in opposing directions. Consideration of morphological changes in abnormal urothelium suggests alternative measurement strategies.

The feasibility of computational modelling technique to detect the bladder cancer

“…human benign and malignant cells (ex vivo). The resulted impedance data from the modelling procedure was in the opposite situation to that reported by the measured data [10], where in the latter, the higher impedances were measured from abnormal tissue (see Fig. 3).…”

“…The modelling information presented here focussed on changes within the urothelium only, assuming that the properties of the underlying tissue remain unchanged and therefore could not predict this result. According to the study carried out by Smallwood et al in 2002, there is a significant effect of oedema and inflammation on the measured impedances [10]. Therefore, these factors do not affect the modelling results.…”

Virtual bladder biopsy using bio-impedance spectroscopy at 62.500Hz–1.024MHz

“…However, there is more information about the effect of inflammation and oedema on the measured impedance of the bladder tissue in one study carried out by author and et al in 2002 [9]. For example, for the first case, some of the malignant points, which fall in the non-malignant area (point 16 in left-hand side of Fig.…”

Classification of thyroid nodules using a resonance-frequency-based electrical impedance spectroscopy: progress assessment

“…Since the early 1920s, scientists have found that malignant cells typically exhibit altered local dielectric properties as compared with normal cells and the differences in electrical conductivity and capacitance are measurable in malignant versus normal tissues [8]. Hence, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technology has also been developed and investigated for detecting abnormalities and/or classifying between malignant and benign tissues in a variety of human organs or diseases [9][10][11][12][13][14]. In applying EIS technology to detect and diagnose thyroid nodules, one research group reported a prospective study that applied a modified T-SCAN EIS device (2000ED developed by Mirabel Medical Systems Ltd, Israel) to detect thyroid nodules based on EIS signal measurements.…”