Electrical measurements on soil with alternating currents

Smith–Rose, R. L.

doi:10.1049/jiee-1.1934.0127

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The dispersion behaviour of the Earth materials dielectric permittivity in the intermediate frequency range has been observed for a long time (e.g. Smith-Rose 1934;Keller & Licastro 1959;Howell & Licastro 1961). At that time, researchers mainly invoked instrumental effects related to the polarization of electrodes when approaching the intermediate frequency range and lower.…”

Section: Influence Of the Grain Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the spectral induced polarization response of water-saturated sands in the intermediate frequency range (10²–10⁵ Hz) using mechanistic and empirical approaches

Kremer¹,

Schmutz

Leroy

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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The intermediate frequency range 10 2-10 5 Hz forms the transition range between the spectral induced polarization frequency domain and the dielectric spectroscopy frequency domain. Available experimental data showed that the spectral induced polarization response of sands fully saturated with water was particularly sensitive to variations of the saturating water electrical conductivity value in the intermediate frequency range. An empirical and a mechanistic model have been developed and confronted to this experimental data. This confrontation showed that the Maxwell Wagner polarization alone is not sufficient to explain the observed signal in the intermediate frequency range. The SIP response of the media was modelled by assigning relatively high dielectric permittivity values to the sand particle or high effective permittivity values to the media. Such high values are commonly observed in the dielectric spectroscopy literature when entering the intermediate frequency range. The physical origin of these high dielectric permittivity values is discussed (grain shape, electromagnetic coupling), and a preliminary study is presented which suggests that the high impedance values of the non-polarizable electrodes might play a significant role in the observed behaviour.

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Section: Influence Of the Grain Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the spectral induced polarization response of water-saturated sands in the intermediate frequency range (10²–10⁵ Hz) using mechanistic and empirical approaches

Kremer¹,

Schmutz

Leroy

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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“…Measurements made on material as a function of the moisture content by weight, show a conductivity that increases approximately as the square of the moisture content [19].…”

Section: A2 Factors Affecting the Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 98%

MS.D.8: Electrical conductivity investigation of masonry

2001

Mat. Struct.

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This recommendation specifies a method for investigating electrical conductivity distribution within masonry structures using electro-magnetic conductivity techniques. Electromagnetic fields are propagated into the structure and variations are monitored and recorded. These provide geometrical and electrical information on the materials investigated. Details regarding the principles involved, the apparatus, the method of test, the method of calculation and the contents of the test report are provided. D.8.3 BACKGROUND TO THE TESTWater ingress and moisture movement into structures are important in terms of structural durability. For example, if the road surface of a brick masonry arch bridge permits water entry then the soil fill above the arch barrel may become saturated [1]. This can result in degradation of the mortar between the bricks -giving rise to premature failure. Another example of water inclusion in masonry structures is due to moisture capillary rise from the building foundations. The Architect or Engineer may want to know what is the actual height of water rise in the inside of the wall -this height is generally greater than what shows on the external wall surface [2].In the majority of the cases, salt content is associated with water content in the structure. This phenomenon can also cause great damage to the structure and rapid decay of the masonry wall, and it is therefore a cause of concern.Thus a non-invasive method of determining moisture movement behind or inside the masonry walls would be of great engineering value.Electrical conductivity in porous building materials as a response to electrical fields over the range from DC to 20 kHz AC is influenced to a large extent by the content of moisture and soluble ionic salts and thus offers a relevant ND assessment technique for the following: -moisture content in the masonry salt content in the masonry associated with moisture content -height of moisture capillary rise -thickness of the masonry wall -multi-wythe nature of the masonry wall -composite construction of the masonry structure -presence of voids or inhomogeneities in the wall -presence of metal reinforcements, pipes, drains etc. in the wall. D.B.4 TEST LOCATIONSTest locations are dictated by engineering objectives, however an attempt should be made to measure the variation in material quality or condition throughout the largest possible volume of the structure [3] -typically that with a face area of3m x 3m minimum. From such a large map of the conductivity distribution in the sub surface, it should be possible to identify the area of interest.Since no coupling or contact with the surface of the structure is required, the surface of the structure remains unmarked. As a result of the portability of the instrument, the non-harmful nature of the radiation and the continuous emission and receptivity of electromagnetic fields, the structure can be tested rapidly, safely and without disruption of other activities.As the in-situ calibration is of great importance in the interpretation of the readi...

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“…In lightning studies on grounding systems, the electrical parameters of the medium in which they are buried have a high importance and they need to be determined accurately. It has been shown through experiments that the conductivity and dielectric constant of soil are both very dependent upon the moisture content of the soil which is known to vary from 4 to 30% of the total soil weight over the greater part of the year [28]. Moreover, as the frequency of the waves penetrating in to the ground increases, the dielectric constant of soil plays a more important role in determining the e ect of the earth on the wave propagation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to these facts, the importance of evaluating the e ects of the variation of the electrical parameters of the soil, particularly the dielectric constant in the whole permissible range, on the high-frequency response of grounding electrodes has to be studied. In the published literature, the dielectric constant of the soil is commonly assumed equal to 10 and its variation is not considered, although this value may vary between 3 or 4 for dry soil up to 30 for very moist soil, depending on the nature of the soil [10], [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the High Frequency Response of Grounding Electrodes: Effect of Soil Dielectric Constant

Salarieh¹,

Silva²,

Kord³

2020

Preprint

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Electrical measurements on soil with alternating currents

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Modelling the spectral induced polarization response of water-saturated sands in the intermediate frequency range (10²–10⁵ Hz) using mechanistic and empirical approaches

Modelling the spectral induced polarization response of water-saturated sands in the intermediate frequency range (10²–10⁵ Hz) using mechanistic and empirical approaches

MS.D.8: Electrical conductivity investigation of masonry

On the High Frequency Response of Grounding Electrodes: Effect of Soil Dielectric Constant

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Electrical measurements on soil with alternating currents

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Modelling the spectral induced polarization response of water-saturated sands in the intermediate frequency range (102–105 Hz) using mechanistic and empirical approaches

Modelling the spectral induced polarization response of water-saturated sands in the intermediate frequency range (102–105 Hz) using mechanistic and empirical approaches

MS.D.8: Electrical conductivity investigation of masonry

On the High Frequency Response of Grounding Electrodes: Effect of Soil Dielectric Constant

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Modelling the spectral induced polarization response of water-saturated sands in the intermediate frequency range (10²–10⁵ Hz) using mechanistic and empirical approaches

Modelling the spectral induced polarization response of water-saturated sands in the intermediate frequency range (10²–10⁵ Hz) using mechanistic and empirical approaches