Electrical modulation of emissivity

Vassant, Simon; Doyen, Ioana; Marquier, François; Pardo, Fabrice; Gennser, U.; Cavanna, A.; Pélouard, Jean-Luc; Greffet, Jean‐Jacques

doi:10.1063/1.4793650

Cited by 62 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Progress has also been made in demonstrating dynamic control of thermal radiation through in situ modification of material emissivity. This has been achieved with devices that incorporate phase change materials, which display temperature-dependent emissivities 6 , as well as electronically controlled devices, where injected charges are used to overdampen polariton modes in quantum wells 7 . These results suggest that careful control of both the photonic and electronic structure of metasurfaces could allow for thermal emitters that have continuously variable frequency and directionality control, and that can operate at speeds much faster than typical thermal cycling times, potentially approaching speeds of modern telecommunication devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electronic modulation of infrared radiation in graphene plasmonic resonators

et al. 2015

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All matter at finite temperatures emits electromagnetic radiation due to the thermally induced motion of particles and quasiparticles. Dynamic control of this radiation could enable the design of novel infrared sources; however, the spectral characteristics of the radiated power are dictated by the electromagnetic energy density and emissivity, which are ordinarily fixed properties of the material and temperature. Here we experimentally demonstrate tunable electronic control of blackbody emission from graphene plasmonic resonators on a silicon nitride substrate. It is shown that the graphene resonators produce antenna-coupled blackbody radiation, which manifests as narrow spectral emission peaks in the mid-infrared. By continuously varying the nanoresonator carrier density, the frequency and intensity of these spectral features can be modulated via an electrostatic gate. This work opens the door for future devices that may control blackbody radiation at timescales beyond the limits of conventional thermo-optic modulation.

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confidence: 99%

Electronic modulation of infrared radiation in graphene plasmonic resonators

et al. 2015

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“…A proof of principle has been reported in Ref. [29] and a very effective source operating up to 600 kHz has been reported [30]. All these developments can be analyzed using Kirchhoff law [31], which expresses the equality of absorptivity and emissivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

et al. 2018

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The goal of this paper is to introduce a local form of Kirchhoff law to model light emission by nonequilibrium bodies. While absorption by a finite-size body is usually described using the absorption cross section, we introduce a local absorption rate per unit volume and also a local thermal emission rate per unit volume. Their equality is a local form of Kirchhoff law. We revisit the derivation of this equality and extend it to situations with subsystems in local thermodynamic equilibrium but not in equilibrium between them, such as hot electrons in a metal or electrons with different Fermi levels in the conduction band and in the valence band of a semiconductor. This form of Kirchhoff law can be used to model (i) thermal emission by nonisothermal finite-size bodies, (ii) thermal emission by bodies with carriers at different temperatures, and (iii) spontaneous emission by semiconductors under optical (photoluminescence) or electrical pumping (electroluminescence). Finally, we show that the reciprocity relation connecting light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells derived by Rau is a particular case of the local Kirchhoff law.

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“…We have further shown that the behaviors given by this very simple case are rather robust, since we can find the same behaviors in very different geometries and for different materials. This paves the way to very interesting possibilities, particularly in semiconductors, in which such ultrathin layers can be easily fabricated, and opens up possibilities in many applications, such as directional perfect absorption [19,28,29] [27], electro-optical modulation [30], and ultrafast thermal emission [16,31].…”

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confidence: 99%