Electrical Monitoring of In Situ Chemical Oxidation by Permanganate

Abstract

An array of electrical monitoring probes was constructed to monitor a concentrated permanganate (MnO4−) solution injected to treat perchloroethylene (PCE) contamination in a shallow sandy aquifer. The simple probes use pairs of stainless steel wires as electrodes for electrical conductivity (EC) and platinum wires as the working electrodes for oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) measurements. Combined EC/ORP probes were assembled into bundles with multilevel ground water samplers and installed in boreholes around the injection point. Copper/copper sulfate half‐cells, inserted to the depth of the water table, acted as ORP reference electrodes. All electrodes were connected to a central data acquisition system, which collected data for a period of 25 d following the injection. Large contrasts in the EC and ORP characteristics of the ground water, compared with the MnO4− solution, allow the subsurface migration of MnO4− to be tracked using these relatively simple electrical measurements. The electrical data were used to track the arrival times of the MnO4− at discrete positions in the aquifer, to guide the timing and selection of locations for water sampling, and for three‐dimensional visualization of the MnO4− distribution during destruction of PCE.

Influence of Treatment Conditions on the Chemical Oxidative Activity of H2SO4/H2O2 Mixtures for Modulating the Topography of Titanium

“…[25] The outcome of these measurements is the overall potential of all the reactive electrochemical couples in the solution.…”

In Situ Chemical Oxidation of RDX‐Contaminated Groundwater with Permanganate at the Nebraska Ordnance Plant

“…Specific conductivity was measured using a YSI 3000 T-L-C meter (Yellow Springs, OH) during each NaMn04 measurement to establish a calibration curve, similar to that used by Cave et al (2007) to relate specific conductivity to NaMn04 concentration. approximately 15 cm into the ground every 3 m. The electrodes were attached to a cable and the ERI data was collected with a 56 electrode array using an Advanced Geosciences, Inc., SuperSting R8 system that induced a current, measured the potential, and stored the data.…”

“…Sodium permanganate concentrations were periodically measured on site with a portable spectrophotometer (Hach model DR 2800, Loveland, Colorado) to monitor both sodium permanganate concentration delivered to the injection wells and breakthrough at the extraction well. Specific conductivity was measured using an YSI 3000 T-L-C meter (Yellow Springs, Ohio) during each NaMnO 4 measurement to establish a calibration curve, similar to that used by Cavé et al (2007) to relate specific conductivity to NaMnO 4 concentration.…”

Electrical Resistivity Imaging of a Permanganate Injection During In Situ Treatment of RDX‐Contaminated Groundwater

“…During the injection, MnO 4 − concentrations were periodically measured on-site with a portable spectrophotometer (Hach model DR 2800, Loveland, CO, USA) to monitor permanganate concentration delivered to the injection wells and breakthrough at the extraction well. Specific conductivity was measured using a YSI 3000 T-L-C meter (Yellow Springs, OH, USA) during each MnO 4 − measurement to establish a calibration curve, similar to that used by Cavé et al (2007) to relate specific conductivity to MnO 4 − concentration.…”