“…However, Flash memories continue to suffer from low endurance, low write speed and high voltage in write process [1,2]. Under the circumstances, the resistive switching memory which based on resistance change modulated by electrical stimulus, has inspired both scientific and commercial interest due to its excellent area compaction (4F 2 , where F is minimal feature size), high switching speed (<100 ps) [3], high endurance (>10 12 cycles) [4], good retention (>10 years@85°) [5][6][7][8] and low power consumption (~1 µW) [9]. Numerous theoretical models and experiments have been proposed to explain the resistive switching behavior in various materials ranging from rare-earth oxides (e.g., YCrO3 [10] and LaLuO3 [11]), phase-change chalcogenides (e.g., Ge2Sb2Te5), solid-state electrolytes (e.g., Au/Cu in GeSe) to transition metal oxide (e.g., TiO2 and SrTiO3) [12].…”