Donor-doped melilite
materials with interstitial oxygen defects
in the structure are good oxide ion conductors with negligible electronic
conduction and show great potential in the ceramic electrolyte of
intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). However,
the parent melilite-structured materials with stoichiometric oxygen
are usually insulators. Herein, we reported high and pure oxide ion
conduction in the parent K2ZnV2O7 material with a melilite-related structure, e.g., ∼1.14 ×
10–3 S/cm at 600 °C, which is comparable to
that of the state-of-the-art yttrial-stabilized ZrO2 applied
in practical fuel cells. Neutron diffraction data revealed the interesting
thermally induced formation of oxygen vacancies at elevated temperatures,
which triggered the transformation of the material from electronically
conducting to purely and highly oxide ion-conducting. The VO4 tetrahedron with non-bridging terminal oxygen in K2ZnV2O7 was proved to be the key structural factor for
transporting oxygen vacancies. The molecular dynamic simulation based
on the interatomic potential approach revealed that long-range oxide
ion diffusion was achieved by breaking and re-forming the 5-fold MO4 (M = Zn and V) tetrahedral rings. These findings enriched
our knowledge of melilite and melilite-related materials, and creating
oxygen vacancies in a melilite-related material may be a new strategy
for developing novel oxide ion conductors.