Electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites containing rod-like nanofillers

Mutiso, Rose M.; Winey, Karen I.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.06.002

Cited by 243 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Similarly, the alignment of the nanotubes in the polymer matrix is expected to reduce the number of contacts and the electrical conductivity. However, some experiments [313][314][315] have demonstrated that intermediate levels of nanotube alignment may sometimes possess higher conductivities than isotropic orientations. Such observations motivate the question: What is the interplay of polymer-particle interactions and the filler aspect ratio on the degree of orientational alignment, and in turn, the percolation threshold?…”

Section: Polymer Nanocomposites For Enhanced Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: Outstanding theoretical questions in polymer-nanoparticle hybrids

Kumar

Ganesan

Riggleman

2017

The Journal of Chemical Physics

171

143

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This topical review discusses the theoretical progress made in the field of polymer nanocomposites, i.e., hybrid materials created by mixing (typically inorganic) nanoparticles (NPs) with organic polymers. It primarily focuses on the outstanding issues in this field and is structured around five separate topics: (i) the synthesis of functionalized nanoparticles; (ii) their phase behavior when mixed with a homopolymer matrix and their assembly into well-defined superstructures; (iii) the role of processing on the structures realized by these hybrid materials and the role of the mobilities of the different constituents; (iv) the role of external fields (electric, magnetic) in the active assembly of the NPs; and (v) the engineering properties that result and the factors that control them. While the most is known about topic (ii), we believe that significant progress needs to be made in the other four topics before the practical promise offered by these materials can be realized. This review delineates the most pressing issues on these topics and poses specific questions that we believe need to be addressed in the immediate future. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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Section: Polymer Nanocomposites For Enhanced Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: Outstanding theoretical questions in polymer-nanoparticle hybrids

Kumar

Ganesan

Riggleman

2017

The Journal of Chemical Physics

171

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…nanostructures with high (>10) aspect ratio [16][17][18][19][20][21] (nanowires, nanotubes), the anisotropy of nanoparticles has so far received limited attention in spite of their shape abundance offered by synthetic chemistry. 22,23 Perhaps the simplest small anisotropic objects are nanorods, and their behavior in block copolymer films has been considered in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in diblock copolymer lamellae: Simulations with dissipative particle dynamics and a molecular theory

Berezkin

Kudryavtsev

Gorkunov

et al. 2017

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Short title: Ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles: Simulations and theory a) Corresponding author. Electronic mail: yar@ips.ac.ru 2 ABSTRACT Local distribution and orientation of anisotropic nanoparticles in microphase-separated symmetric diblock copolymers has been simulated using dissipative particle dynamics and analyzed with a molecular theory. It has been demonstrated that nanoparticles are characterized by a non-trivial orientational ordering in the lamellar phase due to their anisotropic interactions with isotropic monomer units. In the simulations, the maximum concentration and degree of ordering are attained for nonselective nanorods near the domain boundary. In this case the nanorods have a certain tendency to align parallel to the interface in the boundary region and perpendicular to it inside the domains. Similar orientation ordering of spherical nanoparticles located at the lamellar interface is predicted by the molecular theory which takes into account that the nanoparticles interact with monomer units via both isotropic and anisotropic potentials. Computer simulations enable one to study the effects of the nanorod concentration, length, stiffness, and selectivity of their interactions with the copolymer components on the phase stability and orientational order of nanoparticles. If the volume fraction of the nanorods is lower than 0.1, they have no effect on the copolymer transition from the disordered state into a lamellar microstructure. Increasing nanorod concentration or nanorod length results in clustering of the nanorods and eventually leads to a macrophase separation, whereas the copolymer preserves its lamellar morphology. Segregated nanorods of length close to the width of the diblock copolymer domains are stacked side by side into smectic layers that fill domain space. Thus, spontaneous organization and orientation of nanorods leads to a spatial modulation of anisotropic composite properties creating an opportunity to align block copolymers by external fields which may be important for various applications.

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“…Carbon nanotubes (CNT), both single [1,2] and multi-walled [3,4], graphene (G) [5][6][7][8] or graphitic nanofillers made of a few layers of graphene [9][10][11][12] are used to improve properties such as mechanical reinforcement, electrical and thermal conductivity, thermal and flame resistance, of thermoplastic [13][14][15], elastomeric [14][15][16][17][18] and thermoset [19][20][21] matrices. Such nanosized carbon allotropes can be dispersed as individual particles in the polymer matrix and, thanks to their high surface area, can establish large interaction with the polymer, much larger than the one observed with nanostructured carbon black (CB), whose primary particles are fused together to form aggregates [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Master curves for the sulphur assisted crosslinking reaction of natural rubber in the presence of nano- and nano-structured sp2 carbon allotropes

Musto¹,

Barbera²,

Cipolletti³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this paper, master curves are reported for the crosslinking of a diene rubber with a sulphur based system in the presence of either nano-or nano-structured carbon allotropes, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), a nanosized graphite with high surface area (HSAG) and carbon black (CB). Poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) from Hevea Brasiliensis was the diene rubber and crosslinking was performed in temperatures ranging from 151 to 180°C, with carbon allotropes below and above their percolation threshold. Such carbon allotropes were characterized by different aspect ratio, surface area and pH. However, in the crosslinking reaction, they revealed common behaviour. In fact, the specific interfacial area could be used to correlate crosslinking parameters, such as induction time (t s1 ) and activation energy (E a ) calculated by applying the autocatalytic model. Monotonous decrease of t s1 and increase of E a were observed, with points lying on master curves, regardless of the nature of the carbon allotropes. Remarkable differences were however observed in the structure of the crosslinking network: when the carbon allotrope was above the percolation threshold much larger crosslinking density was obtained in the presence of CNT whereas composites based on HSAG became soluble in hydrocarbon solvent, after the reaction with a thiol. Proposed explanation of these results is based on the reactivity of carbon allotropes with sulphur and sulphur based compounds, demonstrated through the reaction of 1-dodecanethiol and sulphur with CNT and HSAG and with a model substrate such as anthracene.

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Electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites containing rod-like nanofillers

Cited by 243 publications

References 146 publications

Perspective: Outstanding theoretical questions in polymer-nanoparticle hybrids

Perspective: Outstanding theoretical questions in polymer-nanoparticle hybrids

Ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in diblock copolymer lamellae: Simulations with dissipative particle dynamics and a molecular theory

Master curves for the sulphur assisted crosslinking reaction of natural rubber in the presence of nano- and nano-structured sp2 carbon allotropes

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