Electrical resistivity of copper, gold, palladium, and silver

Abstract

In this work, recommended values for the electrical resistivity as a function of temperature from the cryogenic region to well beyond the melting point are given for bulk pure copper, gold, palladium, and silver. In addition to the total electrical resistivity values for the solid state, intrinsic electrical resistivity values are presented from cryogenic temperatures to the melting point. The values are corrected for the change in geometry due to thermal expansion. The recommendations are based on theoretical considerations and on the experimental data found in the open literature. That available experimental data together with information pertaining to the specimen characterization and measurement conditions are included in this work. The methods of data evaluation and other considerations used in arriving at the recommendations are described. For the solid state, an interpolation scheme is given to aid in the determination of values between those supplied in the tables; for the liquid state, equations are given.

Optical dielectric function of silver

“…We analyze the free electron behavior below the interband transition using the Drude model with plasma frequency ω p , dielectric function at infinite frequency ∞ , and relaxation time τ = 1/Γ. While there is a good agreement of ω p and ∞ with many past measurements, our value of τ = 17 ± 3 fs is significantly shorter than the commonly used literature value from Johnson and Christy of 31 ± 12 fs [26] and the value derived from DC conductivity of ∼ 40 fs [27,28], yet consistent with most optical and plasmonic experiments, such as typical surface plasmon propagation length and particle plasmon resonance lifetimes. [21,23,25,29,30] The difference in τ between the DC and the optical frequency measurements is due to the frequency dependence of the scattering rate 1/τ (ω).…”

“…[16] The dashed and dot-dashed line is a fit to a simple empirical exponential function with connection to the DC value (electrical relaxation time deduced from DC conductivity), for silver and gold respectively. [7,27,28] In this plot, both τ of silver and gold indicate an exponential increase towards DC frequency, different and more rapid than the quadratic frequency dependence of 1/τ from Fermi liquid theory.…”

“…[60][61][62] In the study of DC conductivity of metals, intrinsic effects can be determined after consideration of extrinsic effects from systematic studies under controlled temperature and impurity levels. [28,63,64] In contrast, the determination of the spectroscopic behavior of the dielectric function at optical frequencies is more involved. However, with an accurate measurement of the dielectric function of the most commonly used form of the metal over a broad spectral range, we can quantitatively compare the experimental dielectric function with different models and literature, thus posing constraints on intrinsic and extrinsic effects.…”

Desenvolvimento de um aparato experimental de baixo custo para o estudo de objetos em queda: análise do movimento de magnetos em tubos verticalmente orientados

“…Para ilustrar o caso de queda resistiva utilizamos dois tubos metálicos, um de alumínio com ρ Al = 2, 85 × 10 −8 Ω.m [16], raio interno a = 1, 10 cm e espessura w = 0, 17 cm, e outro de cobre com ρ Cu = 1, 78 × 10 −8 Ω.m [17], a = 1, 19 cm, w = 0, 08 cm, ambos com 80, 0 cm de comprimento. Utilizamos o mesmo imã do caso anterior, m i = 16, 0 g, r = 0, 70 cm e L = 1, 40 cm e como contrapeso, uma haste de alumínio m h = 1, 92 g na qual acoplamos arruelas de massas m a = 1, 19 g. A Fig.…”

Seismic Isolation of Bridges Using the Principle of Electromagnetic Attraction and Repulsion

“…Centered position and maximum eccentricity position The electrical resistivity of coils was computed as a function of temperature, based on a regression function ρ(t), determined from experimental measurements found in [3] Due to high pressure that the electromagnets are subjected during the seismic event, they cannot have a classic coil with circle cross section and requires Bitter discs around the ferromagnetic core.…”