Electrical Reverse Shift: Sustainable CO₂ Valorization for Industrial Scale

Abstract

Utilization of CO2 is a requirement for a sustainable production of carbon‐based chemicals. The reverse water‐gas‐shift (RWGS) can valorize CO2 by reaction with hydrogen to produce a synthesis gas compatible with existing industrial infrastructure. Fully electrified reverse water‐gas‐shift (eRWGS™) was achieved using integrated ohmic heating and a nickel‐type catalyst at industrially relevant conditions. Using a feed of H2 : CO2 in a ratio of 2.25 at 10 barg, utilizing high temperature operation at 1050 °C allowed for production of a synthesis gas with a H2/CO ratio of 2.0 and no detectable methane, ideal for production of sustainable fuel by e.g. the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Facilitating RWGS through CH4 as intermediate was found superior to the selective RWGS route, due to higher activity and suppression of carbon formation. The eRWGS™ catalyst is found to provide a preferential emissions‐free route for production of synthesis gas for any relevant H2/CO ratio, enabling production of sustainable carbon‐based chemicals from CO2 and renewable electricity with high hydrogen and carbon efficiency.

Mechanistic and Compositional Aspects of Industrial Catalysts for Selective CO2 Hydrogenation Processes

“…Interest in rWGS is now focusing on Ni-based catalysts, which are stable and commonly used at high temperatures. In particular, several projects were undertaken for the production of sustainable aviation fuel starting from CO 2 and electrolytic hydrogen, where rWGS is mostly realized using electrically heated reactors [57], such as the eREACT™ technology [58] used to realize the electrified reverse water-gas shift (eRWGS™), developed by Topsøe [59], in order to avoid CO 2 emissions. Using a feed of H 2 /CO 2 in a ratio of 2.25 at 10 barg and high-temperature operation at 1320 K over a Ni/ZrO 2 washcoat catalyst, the production of synthesis gas with a H 2 /CO ratio of 2.0 and no detectable methane, ideal for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, was obtained.…”

Recyclable, Fire-Resistant, Superstrong, and Reversible Ionic Polyurea-Based Adhesives

“…Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the most attractive eco-friendly C1 resources, and its conversion and utilization are receiving global consensus in terms of achieving carbon neutrality and lowering petroleum usage. − Although the inherent thermostability and chemical inertness of CO 2 encumber its upgradation to higher value-added chemicals, numerous endeavors have been devoted to converting CO 2 into hydrocarbon fuels or polymeric materials through developing exquisite catalyst systems, , cooperating with green energies (electricity, solar, or heat), − or coupling with high-energy reactants. − The reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbon fuels is of paramount importance to alleviate energy and environmental problems, but only a few high-value products are economically viable due to low product selectivity and unsatisfied energy efficiency. − On the other hand, copolymerization of CO 2 with epoxides, diols, diamines, or amino alcohols to synthesize functional polymers [polycarbonate (PC), polyurea (PUa), and polyurethane (PU)] is a highly rewarding CO 2 -valorization approach. − …”

The Role of Carbon Nanotube Deposit in Catalytic Activity of FeOX-Based PECVD Thin Films Tested in RWGS Reaction

“…∆H 0 298 = 42.1 kJ/mol (1) This mildly endothermic and competitive reaction with CO 2 methanation (Sabatier reaction) holds great potential and is considered an essential intermediate stage in various key CO 2 hydrogenation reactions [9], and it also serves as a route to produce syngas compatible with existing industrial infrastructure [10]. However, although the RWGS reaction shows immense promise, achieving commercial viability and efficiency still necessitates the development of highly efficient, selective, durable, and low-cost catalysts [11,12].…”