Electrical stimulation improves peripheral nerve regeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Yao, Chun Hsu; Chang, Ruey Lin; Chang, Shih‐Liang; Tsai, Chin Chuan; Tsai, Fuu Jen; Chen, Yueh Sheng

doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e31822d233c

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The published literature in the field of nerve regeneration in diabetes is limited and studies almost exclusively use streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats in which blood glucose levels are high (see e.g. [11–14]). The ability of axons to regenerate in relation to the state of the Schwann cells may also be an important point in relation to moderate blood glucose levels and in view of the global increase of diabetes, particularly bearing in mind its most common complication, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury and repair in healthy and in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

Stenberg

Dahlin

2014

BMC Neurosci

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BackgroundIn view of the global increase in diabetes, and the fact that recent findings indicate that diabetic neuropathy is more frequently seen in males, it is crucial to evaluate any gender differences in nerve regeneration in diabetes. Our aim was to evaluate in short-term experiments gender dissimilarities in axonal outgrowth in healthy and in genetically developed type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, and also to investigate the connection between activated (i.e. ATF-3, Activating Transcription Factor 3) and apoptotic (cleaved caspase 3) Schwann cells after sciatic nerve injury and repair. Female and male diabetic GK rats, spontaneously developing type 2 diabetes, were compared with corresponding healthy Wistar rats. The sciatic nerve was transected and instantly repaired. After six days the nerve was harvested to measure axonal outgrowth (i.e. neurofilament staining), and to quantify the number of ATF-3 (i.e. activated) and cleaved caspase 3 (i.e. apoptotic) stained Schwann cells using immunohistochemistry.ResultsAxonal outgrowth was generally longer in male than in female rats and also longer in healthy than in diabetic rats. Differences were observed in the number of activated Schwann cells both in the distal nerve segment and close to the lesion site. In particular the female diabetic rats had a lower number. There were no gender differences in number of cleaved caspase 3 stained Schwann cells, but rats with diabetes exhibited more (such cleaved caspase 3 stained Schwann) cells both at the lesion site and in the distal part of the sciatic nerve. Axonal outgrowth correlated with the number of ATF3 stained Schwann cells, but not with blood glucose levels or the cleaved caspase 3 stained Schwann cells. However, the number of cleaved caspase 3 stained Schwann cells correlated with the blood glucose level.ConclusionsWe conclude that there are gender differences in nerve regeneration in healthy rats and in type 2 diabetic GK rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury and repair in healthy and in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

Stenberg

Dahlin

2014

BMC Neurosci

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“…However, there is very few evidence available to support this theory. In the previous literature, it has been reported that low frequency electroacupuncture and acupuncture could improve sciatica nerve regeneration [10, 12, 15–17]. Koppes et al indicated that alternation of neurite growth could be manipulated by extracellular direct current [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acupuncture and electroacupuncture provide a safe and effective way to help patients' rehabilitation after trauma accident. To the best of our knowledge, there are two pilot studies reported by Yao et al using the conduit tube to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation at different frequencies and current levels on regenerating sciatica nerves [10, 11]. Besides Bertelli's model, there was little literature available that described the rat's upper limb's nerve injury model and discussed the different nerve regeneration rates, especially for common diseases like median nerve injury [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture and Acupuncture Promote the Rat’s Transected Median Nerve Regeneration

Yao

Chen

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatments of damaged nerves may aid nerve regeneration related to hindlimb function, but the effects on the forelimb-related median nerve were not known. Methods. A gap was made in the median nerve of each rat by suturing the stumps into silicone rubber tubes. The influences of acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatments on transected median nerve regeneration were evaluated from morphological, electrophysiological, and functional angles. Results. Morphologically, the group receiving acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatments had larger total nerve area and blood vessel number compared with the controls. Electrophysiologically, the group receiving electroacupuncture had significantly larger amplitude and larger area of the evoked muscle action potentials compared with the controls. Functionally, the acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatments enhanced the injured paw's ability to regain its grasping power and resulted in a faster efficiency to a new bilateral balance. Conclusion. Our findings provide multiapproach evidence of the efficacy of acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatments to the regeneration of median nerve. Indeed, acupuncture and electroacupuncture appear to have positive effects on the regeneration processes. This platform is beneficial to further study the clinical application of acupuncture and electroacupuncture alternative treatments on nerve-injured patients.

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“…The transplantation of adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) inside an autologous venous graft across a pig 30 mm long nerve gap in adult pigs induces axon regeneration and neurological function [294,295]. This is due to ANSCs increasing CNPase expression, indicating the activation of intrinsic Schwann cells [295].…”

Section: Tissue-engineered Nerve Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Axon Regeneration and Neurological Recovery Following Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Kuffler¹

2015

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

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Repairing Peripheral Nerves following Traumas Nerve crushWithin several days of crushing a peripheral nerve, the injured axons begin to regenerate through their distal pathway until they reach their original targets with which they restore neurological function. The larger the number of axons that regenerate through the distal nerve, the greater the extent of neurological recovery [1][2][3]. The number of axons that regenerate, and thus neurological recovery, is influenced by the physiological state of the distal denervated nerve pathway [4][5][6][7].Following a peripheral nerve crush, the injured axons begin to regenerate within 2 days of injury [8]. They may regenerate to their targets through their original pathway in association with and promoted by its Schwann cells, the neurotrophic factors they release, and the Schwann cell extracellular matrix [1,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Thus, the distal nerve provides a simple means for promoting and directing the regenerating axons to their original targets [15][16][17][18]. However, when a nerve has a gap, the gap must be bridged with a material that is permissive to and promotes axon regeneration across the entire gap to reach the distal nerve stump, through which the axons must then be able to regenerate.The Schwann cells in the denervated distal nerve release neurotrophic factors that promote axon regeneration, but also release extracellular matrix components that promote and inhibit axon regeneration [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Thus, regeneration through the distal nerve is a balance of the influences of factors that both promote and inhibit regeneration. If the Schwann cells are present, such as after a simple nerve crush, virtually 100% of the axons regenerate and they innervate all the denervated synaptic sites. If the Schwann cells within the distal nerve pathway are killed, leaving only the extracellular matrix intact, the number of axons that regenerates to their targets decreases by 94%. This is because the factors required to trigger the regenerating axons to branch at extracellular matrix branch points are missing, axons do not branch, and therefore each axon reinnervates only a single denervated muscle fiber. Thus, Schwann cells along the distal nerve pathway and a AbstractFollowing a peripheral nerve crush, or when a peripheral the nerve is transected and the nerve stumps anastomosed, neurological recovery is generally excellent. This is because the axons merely have to regenerate through the distal portion of the nerve through the existing extracellular matrix of the denervated Schwann cells that direct and promote them to their distant denervated motor and sensory targets. However, when a length of a peripheral nerve is destroyed, and anastomosis is not possible, the standard surgical repair technique is to graft a length/s of autologous sensory nerve into the gap. Neurological recovery is generally good if the nerve gap is <2 cm in length, the repair is performed <4 months post trauma, and the patients are <25 years of age. Because the nerve ...

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Electrical stimulation improves peripheral nerve regeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract: Thus, the ES may improve the recovery of a severe peripheral nerve injury in diabetic animals, which could be considered as a supplementary treatment in diabetic neurotrauma.

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Gender differences in nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury and repair in healthy and in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

Gender differences in nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury and repair in healthy and in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

Electroacupuncture and Acupuncture Promote the Rat’s Transected Median Nerve Regeneration

Promoting Axon Regeneration and Neurological Recovery Following Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries

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