Electrical Stimulation of the Posterior Tibialis Nerve Improves Symptoms of Poststroke Neurogenic Overactive Bladder in Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The effectiveness of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) for adults with overactive bladder syndrome: A systematic review

“…The 13 papers reported 10 RCTs and 3 prospective cohort studies . Included studies were published between 2002 and January 2017 with 9 of the 10 trials and 2 of the 3 prospective observational studies published since 2009.…”

“…The 10 RCTs enrolled a total of 472 participants, (321 women [68%] and 135 men [32%]), of which 254 (54%) received the TTNS treatment. Thirty six participants in control groups received inactive sham (18%), 142 (56%) received anticholinergic drugs (solifenacin succinate [49, 19%], oxybutynin immediate release [10, 4%], and extended release [84, 33%]) bladder training and pelvic floor muscles training (26, 10%), stretching exercises (12, 5%), sacral foramina transcutaneous electrical stimulation, or no treatment (9, 4%) . Five RCTs were conducted only on women, one on men only and four included mixed sex samples .…”

“…Idiopathic OAB was the focus of 7 of 10 RCTs including the five women‐only trials, the trial in older care home residents and the trial comparing different stimulation sites . Other studies focused on neurogenic OAB arising from MS, Parkinson's, stroke, and spinal cord injury …”

“…Three of the 10 RCTs compared TTNS with a sham, four trials compared TTNS with an anticholinergic drug, one trial compared TTNS with exercise, one trial compared TTNS as an adjunct to first‐line behavioral therapy with behavioral therapy alone, and one trial compared two stimulation sites . The three‐arm trial reported by Souto et al compared TTNS with a group receiving extended release oxybutynin alone and a group receiving TTNS in addition to the drug.…”

Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Treating Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Systematic Review

“…After screening of 1943 abstracts, 16 studies were included in a narrative synthesis [14] ( Tables 1-3; Fig. 2A-2F): four RCTs [15][16][17][18], nine prospective cohort studies [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], two retrospective case series [28,29], and one case report [30].…”