Electrical stimulation promotes sensory neuron regeneration and growth-associated gene expression

Geremia, Nicole M.; Gordon, Tessa; Brushart, Thomas M.; Al-Majed, Abdulhakeem A.; Verge, Valerie M. K.

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.040

Cited by 382 publications

(353 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

342

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Triggered by either training or electrical stimulation, neuronal activity results in the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, both of which have been implied in plasticity [32][33][34][35]. Thus, a logical step to encourage spontaneous recovery is rehabilitative training, which indeed is currently the most successful treatment for SCI.…”

Section: Activity-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury: Relevance to Recovery and Approaches to Facilitate It

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Motor, sensory, and autonomic functions can spontaneously return or recover to varying extents in both humans and animals, regardless of the traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) level and whether it was complete or incomplete. In parallel, adverse and painful functions can appear. The underlying mechanisms for all of these diverse functional changes are summarized under the term plasticity. Our review will describe what is known regarding this phenomenon after traumatic SCI and focus on its relevance to motor and sensory recovery. Although it is still somewhat speculative, plasticity can be found throughout the neuraxis and includes various changes ranging from alterations in the properties of spared neuronal circuitries, intact or lesioned axon collateral sprouting, and synaptic rearrangements. Furthermore, we will discuss a selection of potential approaches for facilitating plasticity as possible SCI treatments. Because a mechanism underlying spontaneous plasticity and recovery might be motor activity and the related neuronal activity, activity-based therapies are being used and investigated both clinically and experimentally. Additional pharmacological and gene-delivery approaches, based on plasticity being dependent on the delicate balance between growth inhibition and promotion as well as the basic intrinsic growth ability of the neurons themselves, have been found to be effective alone and in combination with activitybased therapies. The positive results have to be tempered with the reality that not all plasticity is beneficial. Therefore, a tremendous number of questions still need to be addressed. Ultimately, answers to these questions will enhance plasticity's potential for improving the quality of life for persons with SCI.

show abstract

Section: Activity-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury: Relevance to Recovery and Approaches to Facilitate It

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stem cell transplantation increased ATF-3 expression in the spinal cord but not in DRGs, which is consistent with the GAP-43 regeneration gene expression profile. Interestingly, transgenic mice constitutively expressing ATF-3 do not show enhanced levels of GAP-43 [62], but GAP-43 expression levels are higher in ATF-3-positive neurons after electrical stimulation [56]. In the DRG, it has been shown that non-regenerating neurons fail to up-regulate ATF-3 [64].…”

Section: Stimulated Asc Enhance Nerve Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth-associated protein GAP-43 is a molecule that is up-regulated in sciatic motor neurons and L4-L6 DRG neurons after sciatic nerve injury [55] and has been implicated as one of the several important mediators of peripheral nerve regeneration [6]. Typically, treatments such as electrical stimulation and growth factor administration, which stimulate regeneration, are associated with elevated levels of GAP-43 [56,57]. We found that nerve repair which was performed with either ASC or stimulated ASC increased the expression levels of GAP-43 in the spinal cord but not in the DRG.…”

Section: Stimulated Asc Enhance Nerve Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulating the Neurotrophic and Angiogenic Properties of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhances Nerve Repair

Kingham

Kolar

Novikova

et al. 2014

Stem Cells and Development

187

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It also increases by 34% the number of neurons that extend axons [300,301] and speed of axon regeneration [302]. This influence is in part due to electrical stimulation promoting both Schwann cell migration and proliferation, and by acting directly on neurons to induce them to increase the distance axons are extended [303].…”

Section: Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Axon Regeneration and Neurological Recovery Following Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Kuffler¹

2015

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Repairing Peripheral Nerves following Traumas Nerve crushWithin several days of crushing a peripheral nerve, the injured axons begin to regenerate through their distal pathway until they reach their original targets with which they restore neurological function. The larger the number of axons that regenerate through the distal nerve, the greater the extent of neurological recovery [1][2][3]. The number of axons that regenerate, and thus neurological recovery, is influenced by the physiological state of the distal denervated nerve pathway [4][5][6][7].Following a peripheral nerve crush, the injured axons begin to regenerate within 2 days of injury [8]. They may regenerate to their targets through their original pathway in association with and promoted by its Schwann cells, the neurotrophic factors they release, and the Schwann cell extracellular matrix [1,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Thus, the distal nerve provides a simple means for promoting and directing the regenerating axons to their original targets [15][16][17][18]. However, when a nerve has a gap, the gap must be bridged with a material that is permissive to and promotes axon regeneration across the entire gap to reach the distal nerve stump, through which the axons must then be able to regenerate.The Schwann cells in the denervated distal nerve release neurotrophic factors that promote axon regeneration, but also release extracellular matrix components that promote and inhibit axon regeneration [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Thus, regeneration through the distal nerve is a balance of the influences of factors that both promote and inhibit regeneration. If the Schwann cells are present, such as after a simple nerve crush, virtually 100% of the axons regenerate and they innervate all the denervated synaptic sites. If the Schwann cells within the distal nerve pathway are killed, leaving only the extracellular matrix intact, the number of axons that regenerates to their targets decreases by 94%. This is because the factors required to trigger the regenerating axons to branch at extracellular matrix branch points are missing, axons do not branch, and therefore each axon reinnervates only a single denervated muscle fiber. Thus, Schwann cells along the distal nerve pathway and a AbstractFollowing a peripheral nerve crush, or when a peripheral the nerve is transected and the nerve stumps anastomosed, neurological recovery is generally excellent. This is because the axons merely have to regenerate through the distal portion of the nerve through the existing extracellular matrix of the denervated Schwann cells that direct and promote them to their distant denervated motor and sensory targets. However, when a length of a peripheral nerve is destroyed, and anastomosis is not possible, the standard surgical repair technique is to graft a length/s of autologous sensory nerve into the gap. Neurological recovery is generally good if the nerve gap is <2 cm in length, the repair is performed <4 months post trauma, and the patients are <25 years of age. Because the nerve ...

show abstract

Electrical stimulation promotes sensory neuron regeneration and growth-associated gene expression

Cited by 382 publications

References 56 publications

Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury: Relevance to Recovery and Approaches to Facilitate It

Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury: Relevance to Recovery and Approaches to Facilitate It

Stimulating the Neurotrophic and Angiogenic Properties of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhances Nerve Repair

Promoting Axon Regeneration and Neurological Recovery Following Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About