Electrical, structural, and microstructural characterization of nanometric La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ (LSGM) prepared by high-pressure spark plasma sintering

Nanometric La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−x ceramic prepared by low-pressure reactive spark-plasma-sintering

“…For the samples with a larger particle size, SEM reveals round shape edges of the LSGM grains. One significant difference with the microstructure SEM results obtained on high-pressure SPS nano structured samples [10] is that in our case the grain boundaries and the edges of each particle are well-defined. SEM image from Ref.…”

“…High temperatures are necessary (as already indicated in the previous paragraph) with the main disadvantage being fast and excessive coarsening of grains in the ceramic. Proposed solutions were microwave-assisted sintering of certain types of powders [5,7,8], and pressure assisted methods such as hot isostatic pressing [9] or, recently, high-pressure spark-plasmasintering [10][11][12]. From all the sintering methods only the last one allowed formation of dense LSGM ceramic with particle size below 100 nm [10,12].…”

“…Proposed solutions were microwave-assisted sintering of certain types of powders [5,7,8], and pressure assisted methods such as hot isostatic pressing [9] or, recently, high-pressure spark-plasmasintering [10][11][12]. From all the sintering methods only the last one allowed formation of dense LSGM ceramic with particle size below 100 nm [10,12]. (c) Reports indicate on evaporation of Sr, Ga and Mg from LSGM at high temperatures [13] and of Ga and Mg at intermediate temperatures and in environments specific for SOFC working conditions [14].…”

“…Investigation of nano effects is of high interest also for LSGM electrolyte. For this purpose nano sized material is required, but at present there are a limited number of reports [10,12].…”

State of Chromium Atoms, Clustering, and Interatomic Interactions in Doped Lanthanum Gallate La(Sr)Ga(Cr,Mg)O3-δ

“…Again in this case much depends on the conditions and methods of the synthesis and also on the very precursors. Aside from the phase of gallate many researchers found admixed phases, such as LaSrGaO 4 and LaSrGa 3 O 7 [8][9][10][11][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], in all cases where the solubility of strontium is exceeded or close to the limit. By the data of [1] the limit of strontium solubility in LaGaO 3 is 10 at%.…”