Electrical Transport and Power Dissipation in Aerosol-Jet-Printed Graphene Interconnects

Pandhi, Twinkle; Kreit, Eric; Aga, Roberto S.; Fujimoto, Kiyo; Sharbati, Mohammad Taghi; Khademi, Samane; Chang, A. Nicole; Xiong, Feng; Koehne, Jessica E.; Heckman, Emily M.; Estrada, David

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29195-y

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Electrical breakdown was likely due to the high porosity causing trapped gases and solvents within interconnects, as well as weak interlayer bonding of graphene flakes. Furthermore, power dissipation was dominated by the graphene interconnect morphology for substrates with high thermal conductivity (e.g., Al 2 O 3 substrate); however, power dissipation can be limited by polymer substrates with low thermal conductivity (e.g., polyimide substrate) . Aerosol jet printing has been proved to be a suitable method for printing large‐area, CNT‐based transistors on flexible substrate, which will be summarized in Section .…”

Section: Printing Conductive Nanomaterials Inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

358

347

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PE has been explored for the manufacturing of flexible and stretchable electronic devices by printing functional inks containing soluble or dispersed materials, [14][15][16] which has enabled a wide variety of applications, such as transparent conductive films (TCFs), flexible energy harvesting and storage, thin film transistors (TFTs), electroluminescent devices, and wearable sensors. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The global PE market should reach $26.6 billion by 2022 from $14.0 billion in 2017 at a compound annual growth rate of 13.6%. [25] PE devices are manufactured by a variety of printing technologies. Typical printing technologies can be divided into two broad categories: noncontact patterning (or nozzle-based patterning) and contact-based patterning. The noncontact techniques include inkjet printing, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, aerosol jet printing, and slot die coating, while screen printing, gravure printing, and flexographic printing are examples of the contact techniques. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, but they all rely on the principle of transferring inks to a substrate. Understanding the characteristics and recent advances of each printing technique is important to further the progress in PE. Moreover, to promote the lab-scale printing technologies to large-scale production process, roll-toroll (R2R) printing, which is one of the manufacturing methods to obtain large-area films with low cost and excellent durability, has drawn much attention from both industry and the research community.Nearly all of devices based on PE require conductive structures, interconnects, and contacts; therefore, highly conductive patterns, usually with high transparency and/or high resolution, fabricated by means of printing conductive materials are one of the most critical components in PE devices. Various printable conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanoparticles and metal nanowires) and carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)), have been explored and used as major materials for PE. Applying printing technology to deposition of the conductive nanomaterials requires formulation of suitable inks. After depositing inks on different substrates, post-printing treatment, Printed electronics is attracting a great deal of attention in both research and commercialization as it enables fabrication of large-scale, low-cost electronic devices on a variety of substrates. Printed electronics plays a critical role infacilitating widespread flexible electronics and more recently stretchable electronics. Conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are promising building blocks for printed electronics. Nanomaterial-based printing technologies, formulation of printable inks, post-printing treatment, and integration of functional devices have progressed substantially in the recent years. This review summarizes basic principles and recent development of common printing technologie...

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Section: Printing Conductive Nanomaterials Inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

358

347

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This creates a large contact area which results in a reduced interface resistance and less porous film. However, similar to graphene films, AJP results in an increase in porosity due to the random stacking of nanoplates as they adhere to the polyimide substrate, [ 52 ] as well as potentially trapping solvents within the printed features. The solvents evaporate leaving behind pores, thus resulting in a larger electrical resistivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the Seebeck coefficient was −64 µV K −1 . The decrease in electrical conductivity of aerosol jet printed films can be attributed to the increase in porosity, [ 52 ] which also impacts the Seebeck coefficient. Due to the random arrangements of nanoplates and high amount of porosity, this hinders the interaction between the nanoparticles which results in a lower electrical conductivity and poor Seebeck voltage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Flexible Bismuth Telluride Thin Film from Solution Processed Colloidal Nanoplates

Hollar

Lin

Kongara

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Thermoelectric generators are an environmentally friendly and reliable solid‐state energy conversion technology. Flexible and low‐cost thermoelectric generators are especially suited to power flexible electronics and sensors using body heat or other ambient heat sources. Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) based thermoelectric materials exhibit their best performance near room temperature making them an ideal candidate to power wearable electronics and sensors using body heat. In this report, Bi2Te3 thin films are deposited on a flexible polyimide substrate using low‐cost and scalable manufacturing methods. The synthesized Bi2Te3 nanocrystals have a thickness of 35 ± 15 nm and a lateral dimension of 692 ± 186 nm. Thin films fabricated from these nanocrystals exhibit a peak power factor of 0.35 mW m−1·K−2 at 433 K, which is among the highest reported values for flexible thermoelectric films. In order to evaluate the flexibility of the thin films, static and dynamic bending tests are performed while monitoring the change in electrical resistivity. After 1000 bending cycles over a 50 mm radius of curvature, the change in electrical resistance of the film is 23%. Using Bi2Te3 solutions, the ability to print thermoelectric thin films with an aerosol jet printer is demonstrated, highlighting the potential of additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating flexible thermoelectric generators.

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“…In our research, we investigated power dissipation and electrical breakdown in aerosol jet-printed graphene (with N 2 carrier gas) interconnects on Kapton, SiO 2 /Si, and Al 2 O 3 substrates [ 135 ]. Our study indicated that the power dissipation in AJP graphene is dominated by the graphene interconnect morphology for high thermal conductivity substrates but can be limited by the substrate properties.…”

Section: Advanced Printing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Inkjet Printed Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Based Gas Sensors

Pandhi

Chandnani

Subbaraman

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT)-based gas/vapor sensors have gained much traction for numerous applications over the last decade due to their excellent sensing performance at ambient conditions. Inkjet printing various forms of graphene (reduced graphene oxide or modified graphene) and CNT (single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) or multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs)) nanomaterials allows fabrication onto flexible substrates which enable gas sensing applications in flexible electronics. This review focuses on their recent developments and provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in inkjet printing of graphene and CNT based sensors targeting gases, such as NO2, Cl2, CO2, NH3, and organic vapors. Moreover, this review presents the current enhancements and challenges of printing CNT and graphene-based gas/vapor sensors, the role of defects, and advanced printing techniques using these nanomaterials, while highlighting challenges in reliability and reproducibility. The future potential and outlook of this rapidly growing research are analyzed as well.

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Electrical Transport and Power Dissipation in Aerosol-Jet-Printed Graphene Interconnects

Cited by 30 publications

References 58 publications

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

High‐Performance Flexible Bismuth Telluride Thin Film from Solution Processed Colloidal Nanoplates

A Review of Inkjet Printed Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Based Gas Sensors

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